# x-37B lands from space--why the moon suits? **URL:** \ **Category:** Factual Questions\ **Created:** [May 8, 2017, 2:38pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/x-37b-lands-from-space-why-the-moon-suits/786131 "2017-05-08T14:38:48Z")\ **Posts on this page:** 20\ **Page:** 1
**Author:** ![Leo\_Bloom](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/leo_bloom/32/10377_2.png) [@Leo\_Bloom](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Leo_Bloom)\ **Post date:** [May 8, 2017, 2:38pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/x-37b-lands-from-space-why-the-moon-suits/786131/1 "2017-05-08T14:38:48Z")
[This handsome baby just landed at Kennedy Space Center from space.](https://www.clickorlando.com/news/space-news/air-force-x-37b-lands-with-sonic-boom-at-ksc) 1. Why the hazmat suits? 2. Did any of us know this was up there in the first place? 3. Cape Canaveral is not Kennedy Space Center? ---
**Author:** ![Francis\_Vaughan](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/francis_vaughan/32/3093_2.png) [@Francis\_Vaughan](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Francis_Vaughan)\ **Post date:** [May 8, 2017, 2:52pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/x-37b-lands-from-space-why-the-moon-suits/786131/2 "2017-05-08T14:52:02Z")
The spacecraft will be using hydrazine, as a fuel for its reaction control system. That stuff is nasty enough that you would want to be in a hazmat suit when making the craft safe. The RCS may still be in use during part of the hypersonic flight after re-entry, so the possibility of surface contamination is quite real. It was launched rather a while ago (just on 2 years) but there was no secret about the launch. But is wasn’t as if it was foremost in people’s minds. Cape Canaveral is the entire location, KSC is located on Cape Canaveral. The Air Force’s facilities are next to KSC, but not actually part of it. ---
**Author:** ![Exapno\_Mapcase](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/exapno_mapcase/32/1051_2.png) [@Exapno\_Mapcase](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Exapno_Mapcase)\ **Post date:** [May 8, 2017, 2:52pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/x-37b-lands-from-space-why-the-moon-suits/786131/3 "2017-05-08T14:52:21Z")
Wikipedia > [@](#): > > Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) (known as Cape Kennedy Air Force Station from 1963 to 1973) is an installation of the United States Air Force Space Command’s 45th Space Wing,[2] headquartered at nearby Patrick Air Force Base. Located on Cape Canaveral in Brevard County, Florida, CCAFS is the primary launch head of America’s Eastern Range[3] with three launch pads currently active (Space Launch Complexes 37B, 40, and 41). Popularly known as “Cape Kennedy” from 1963 to 1973, and as “Cape Canaveral” from 1949 to 1963 and from 1973 to the present, the facility is south-southeast of NASA’s Kennedy Space Center on adjacent Merritt Island, with the two linked by bridges and causeways. ---
**Author:** ![scr4](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/s/59ef9b/32.png) [@scr4](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/scr4)\ **Post date:** [May 8, 2017, 2:53pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/x-37b-lands-from-space-why-the-moon-suits/786131/4 "2017-05-08T14:53:49Z")
1. The X-37B uses [hypergolic propellant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypergolic_propellant), specifically hydrazine. Hydrazine is highly toxic. 2. Those who know aren’t allowed to talk about it in public. We know that the X-37 was originally designed to test some new technologies for reusable spacecraft (e.g. advanced heat shield technology) but those don’t require long duration missions. 3. Cape Canaveral is a geographic area. Kennedy Space Center is located in Cape Canaveral. Cape Canaveral was renamed Cape Kennedy at one point, then later changed back to the original name. ---
**Author:** ![Leo\_Bloom](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/leo_bloom/32/10377_2.png) [@Leo\_Bloom](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Leo_Bloom)\ **Post date:** [May 8, 2017, 3:01pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/x-37b-lands-from-space-why-the-moon-suits/786131/5 "2017-05-08T15:01:09Z")
Wow. Menage-a-trois GQ post. Thnx. ---
**Author:** ![Machine\_Elf](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/m/82dd89/32.png) [@Machine\_Elf](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Machine_Elf)\ **Post date:** [May 8, 2017, 3:02pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/x-37b-lands-from-space-why-the-moon-suits/786131/6 "2017-05-08T15:02:41Z")
> [@Francis\_Vaughan](#): > > The spacecraft will be using hydrazine, as a fuel for its reaction control system. That stuff is nasty enough that you would want to be in a hazmat suit when making the craft safe. The RCS may still be in use during part of the hypersonic flight after re-entry, so the possibility of surface contamination is quite real. This, plus probably some other stuff too. The space shuttle had [a similar team and specialized equipment/procedures](https://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/technology/sts-newsref/stsover-landing.html#stsover-postlandop) for safing the orbiter after touchdown/rollout (scroll down to “RECOVERY CONVOY OPERATIONS”); potential orbiter hazards included hydrazine, ammonia, and hydrogen. ---
**Author:** ![Robot\_Arm](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/robot_arm/32/18280_2.png) [@Robot\_Arm](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Robot_Arm)\ **Post date:** [May 8, 2017, 3:08pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/x-37b-lands-from-space-why-the-moon-suits/786131/7 "2017-05-08T15:08:06Z")
> [@scr4](#): > > 1. Those who know aren’t allowed to talk about it in public. We know that the X-37 was originally designed to test some new technologies for reusable spacecraft (e.g. advanced heat shield technology) but those don’t require long duration missions. That’s what I was thinking. If you just want to test the technology, you’d launch and land a lot quicker. It stayed up for two years for something else. ---
**Author:** ![Francis\_Vaughan](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/francis_vaughan/32/3093_2.png) [@Francis\_Vaughan](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Francis_Vaughan)\ **Post date:** [May 8, 2017, 3:17pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/x-37b-lands-from-space-why-the-moon-suits/786131/8 "2017-05-08T15:17:54Z")
There is needless to say lots of speculation as to what was being done. Publicly the mission was testing a new Hall thruster (ie ion drive) and was doing long term exposure materials testing. The latter would account for a long mission. Even the Hall thruster would require a pretty extended mission as it is intended to operate for extended periods. (The LDEF mission in the 80’s was marooned after the Challenger accident, and was retrieved so long after its intended duration that some test materials had totally gone.) But it is difficult to believe that the mission didn’t carry anything else. You can probably consult your favourite conspiracy theory site for random speculation. ---
**Author:** ![scr4](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/s/59ef9b/32.png) [@scr4](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/scr4)\ **Post date:** [May 8, 2017, 3:23pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/x-37b-lands-from-space-why-the-moon-suits/786131/9 "2017-05-08T15:23:10Z")
> [@Robot\_Arm](#): > > That’s what I was thinking. If you just want to test the technology, you’d launch and land a lot quicker. It stayed up for two years for something else. Right. And what’s unique about the X-37 is the ability to _return_ from orbit. What kind of payload needs to be _returned_ from space?? Returning equipment just to repair or upgrade and launch again is not cost-effective. Returning a data storage device was done with film cameras early on, but seems unlikely in the digital age - if it collects too much data to be transmitted, then 2 years worth of such data would require an enormous storage device. And the X-37 is too small to be carrying a human being + 2 years of life support supplies. I think the only remaining possibility is, it’s some kind of experiment that requires the sample / specimen to be analyzed in the lab later. It could be biological, or material science (e.g. crystal growth in microgravity), or simply exposing various materials to the space environments and studying the effect (like the [Long Duration Exposure Facility](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Duration_Exposure_Facility)). ---
**Author:** ![Francis\_Vaughan](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/francis_vaughan/32/3093_2.png) [@Francis\_Vaughan](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Francis_Vaughan)\ **Post date:** [May 8, 2017, 3:27pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/x-37b-lands-from-space-why-the-moon-suits/786131/10 "2017-05-08T15:27:22Z")
Materials testing experiment carried on the mission: [NASA Experiment Hitches Ride on US Air Force's X-37B Space Plane | Space](http://www.space.com/29434-x37b-space-plane-nasa-experiment.html) ---
**Author:** ![watchwolf49](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/w/e9c0ed/32.png) [@watchwolf49](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/watchwolf49)\ **Post date:** [May 8, 2017, 4:18pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/x-37b-lands-from-space-why-the-moon-suits/786131/11 "2017-05-08T16:18:40Z")
> [@Francis\_Vaughan](#): > > [snip] … You can probably consult your favourite conspiracy theory site for random speculation. How better to fake the materials testing reports than to send the materials into space for two years? ---
**Author:** ![Stranger\_On\_A\_Train](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/s/13edae/32.png) [@Stranger\_On\_A\_Train](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Stranger_On_A_Train)\ **Post date:** [May 8, 2017, 4:47pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/x-37b-lands-from-space-why-the-moon-suits/786131/12 "2017-05-08T16:47:50Z")
> [@Robot\_Arm](#): > > That’s what I was thinking. If you just want to test the technology, you’d launch and land a lot quicker. It stayed up for two years for something else. There are various reasons to return experiments from space, including for structural materials and energetics testing after being exposed to cumulative space radiation such at the METIS experiment already referenced. It could also be used to test maneuvering and on-orbit observation systems for various purposes including salvage and recovery, orbital debris abatement, and strategic or defensive redeployment of space assets. Some of this testing can be performed on the International Space Station (ISS), but anything that is ITAR/controlled is obviously problematic in an international operating environment, and no toxic, caustic, or flammable materials can be brought into the habitable areas of the ISS or even deployed near the ISS where it could come into contact with the structure. As others have noted, Kennedy Space Center is a NASA facility that is on Merritt Island which is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS). The X-37B is a vehicle that is run as part of the Air Force Space Command (AFSC) Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV) program, although it was originally a DARPA-funded program operated by NASA. (As an aside, AFSC dwarfs NASA, employing almost twice as many people in various roles including space awareness and surveillance, space operations, operating and maintaining the Global Positioning System constellation and ground segments, and even many basic research science missions; the major distinction is that ASFC does not have any crewed programs or perform interplanetary research efforts.) For NASA launches from KSC, CCAFS provides range safety and trajectory tracking support, and NASA frequently buys rides on the Air Force managed United Launch Alliance (ULA) Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) launch vehicles (Delta II, Delta IV, Atlas V) from Air Force launch complexes, so there is a lot of cross-application. The X-37B in this case did actually land on the strip at KSC where the Shuttle Orbiter Vehicle (OV) previously landed. As noted, the vehicle does use toxic hypergolic propellants for reaction/reentry control system, just as the OV did, and so the technicians safing and inspecting the vehicle are wearing personal protective gear (PPG) to avoid exposure to any residual hazardous materials. Stranger ---
**Author:** ![Leo\_Bloom](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/leo_bloom/32/10377_2.png) [@Leo\_Bloom](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Leo_Bloom)\ **Post date:** [May 8, 2017, 6:49pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/x-37b-lands-from-space-why-the-moon-suits/786131/13 "2017-05-08T18:49:21Z")
While I think about the posts, I’ll go look for an OP (of mine, I think) focused on the topic of who does what under which governmental/bureaucratic control between AF and NASA…and now I see Space Command, which is a thing different, as well as DARPA getting their own own playing fields independent of those two. I’ll revive that thread because now I’m interested to learn more. ETA: I Booleaned the hell out my searches, but no joy. Either drift/hijack away or I’ll goose the topic or new thread. Your call… ---
**Author:** ![Tranquilis](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/tranquilis/32/3639_2.png) [@Tranquilis](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Tranquilis)\ **Post date:** [May 8, 2017, 7:07pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/x-37b-lands-from-space-why-the-moon-suits/786131/14 "2017-05-08T19:07:46Z")
> [@scr4](#): > > 1. Those who know aren’t allowed to talk about it in public. We know that the X-37 was originally designed to test some new technologies for reusable spacecraft (e.g. advanced heat shield technology) but those don’t require long duration missions. If you wsih to speculate, just ask your self “What kind of experiments take two years to collect data, and need to be returned to earth for analysis?” Potential winners includ things like new armors against micro-metiorites, means for sweeping junk out of near orbit, star dust capture, solar wind analysis, deep image mapping of the earth where the military wishes the data to remain _extremely_ secure, and many others. ---
**Author:** ![txjim](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/t/f07891/32.png) [@txjim](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/txjim)\ **Post date:** [May 8, 2017, 7:30pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/x-37b-lands-from-space-why-the-moon-suits/786131/15 "2017-05-08T19:30:21Z")
> [@Francis\_Vaughan](#): > > The spacecraft will be using hydrazine, as a fuel for its reaction control system. That stuff is nasty enough that you would want to be in a hazmat suit when making the craft safe. The RCS may still be in use during part of the hypersonic flight after re-entry, so the possibility of surface contamination is quite real. > > It was launched rather a while ago (just on 2 years) but there was no secret about the launch. But is wasn’t as if it was foremost in people’s minds. > > Cape Canaveral is the entire location, KSC is located on Cape Canaveral. The Air Force’s facilities are next to KSC, but not actually part of it. Possible presence of hydrazine was the reason that the EPA lead the initial search for Columbia shuttle fallout across East Texas. Their contractors were called to each reported piece of debris to log and test the components prior to US Forest Service staff performing more thorough searches. ---
**Author:** ![DrCube](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/d/a3d4f5/32.png) [@DrCube](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/DrCube)\ **Post date:** [May 8, 2017, 7:47pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/x-37b-lands-from-space-why-the-moon-suits/786131/16 "2017-05-08T19:47:20Z")
> [@Leo\_Bloom](#): > > 1. Cape Canaveral is not Kennedy Space Center? After JFK was assassinated, Cape Canaveral changed its name to Cape Kennedy. Then the space center was built, and called itself, naturally, Kennedy Space Center. Then, ten years later, they changed the name of the Cape back to Canaveral (along with the Air Force Base), but the space center stayed Kennedy. Actually, it might just be better to quote a section of the [Wikipedia page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Canaveral#Name_changes): > [@](#): > > A post office in the area was built and listed in the US Post Office application as Artesia and retained this name from 1893 to 1954; it then went into service for Port Canaveral from 1954 to 1962, and lastly the City of Cape Canaveral from 1962 to 1963, when a larger post office was built. > > From 1963 to 1973, the area had a different name when US President Lyndon Johnson by executive order renamed the area “Cape Kennedy” after President John F. Kennedy, who had set the goal of landing on the moon. After Kennedy’s assassination in 1963, his widow, Jacqueline Kennedy, suggested to President Johnson that renaming the Cape Canaveral facility would be an appropriate memorial. Johnson recommended the renaming of the entire cape, announced in a televised address six days after the assassination. Accordingly, Cape Canaveral was officially renamed Cape Kennedy. > > Although the name change was approved by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names of the Department of the Interior in December 1963, it was not popular in Florida, especially in the bordering city of Cape Canaveral. In 1973, the Florida Legislature passed a law restoring the former 400-year-old name, and the Board went along. The name restoration to Cape Canaveral became official on October 9, 1973. The Kennedy family issued a letter stating they “understood the decision”. NASA’s Kennedy Space Center retains the “Kennedy” name. ---
**Author:** ![Raza](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/raza/32/213_2.png) [@Raza](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Raza)\ **Post date:** [May 8, 2017, 7:48pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/x-37b-lands-from-space-why-the-moon-suits/786131/17 "2017-05-08T19:48:33Z")
[QUOTE=Leo Bloom] While I think about the posts, I’ll go look for an OP (of mine, I think) focused on the topic of who does what under which governmental/bureaucratic control between AF and NASA…and now I see Space Command, which is a thing different, as well as DARPA getting their own own playing fields independent of those two. [/quote] Cape Canaveral Air Force Station had, up until about 1992, been under the Air Force Systems Command (as was the host base, Patrick AFB, a few miles to the south). It is now, as others noted, a part of AF Space Command. CCAFS has tenants beyond AF operations, including NASA, the US Army (for Pershing tests), the US Navy (Trident tests and submarine and support ship docking facilities), and others. I left CCAFS in 1987, so the extent of my direct knowledge is rather dated. Helluva place to work, and I had access to pretty much every facility there. ---
**Author:** ![jasg](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/j/f0a364/32.png) [@jasg](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/jasg)\ **Post date:** [May 8, 2017, 7:52pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/x-37b-lands-from-space-why-the-moon-suits/786131/18 "2017-05-08T19:52:27Z")
> [@Leo\_Bloom](#): > > Wow. Menage-a-trois GQ post. > > Thnx. I’d say Ninja-a-trois. ---
**Author:** ![Leo\_Bloom](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/leo_bloom/32/10377_2.png) [@Leo\_Bloom](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/Leo_Bloom)\ **Post date:** [May 8, 2017, 7:55pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/x-37b-lands-from-space-why-the-moon-suits/786131/19 "2017-05-08T19:55:39Z")
> [@txjim](#): > > Possible presence of hydrazine was the reason that the EPA lead the initial search for Columbia shuttle fallout across East Texas. Their contractors were called to each reported piece of debris to log and test the components prior to US Forest Service staff performing more thorough searches. Amarillo Globe News, February 02, 2003: [“Shuttle debris might be dangerous” “NASA Facts” Handout (date?] [URL=“[https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/pdf/167433main\_Propellants08.pdf](https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/pdf/167433main_Propellants08.pdf)”]Space Shuttle Use of Propellants and Fluids]([http://amarillo.com/stories/020203/spe\_shuttledebris.shtml](http://amarillo.com/stories/020203/spe_shuttledebris.shtml)) ---
**Author:** ![smithsb](https://sea3.discourse-cdn.com/straightdope/user_avatar/boards.straightdope.com/smithsb/32/12107_2.png) [@smithsb](https://boards.straightdope.com/u/smithsb)\ **Post date:** [May 8, 2017, 7:57pm UTC](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/x-37b-lands-from-space-why-the-moon-suits/786131/20 "2017-05-08T19:57:07Z")
HAZMAT suits, mysterious mission; it’s not too early in the thread ---- “I’m not saying it’s Aliens but … IT’S ALIENS :eek::eek::eek:!!!” [Next page](https://boards.straightdope.com/t/x-37b-lands-from-space-why-the-moon-suits/786131.md?page=2)