It applies to all sexual encounters. In any situation where the university has to make a determination about whether activity was consensual, affirmative consent is the standard.
It applies especially to incapacitated people in the sense that if I get accused of sexual assault on a campus in California, I can’t say “I thought she did affirmatively consent!” if the victim was so drunk that she “could not understand the fact, nature, or extent of the sexual activity,” and I reasonably should have known that. It also applies to my own intoxication, in that I can’t say “I thought she did affirmatively consent, but I was drunk!”.
I want to emphasize, though, what it means to say that there was no consent if there was no affirmative consent. This thread was started from the perspective of the victim of the proverbial drunk girl who had second thoughts – an engineered effort to put a guy in jail who did nothing wrong. In practice, if you’re a person who is concerned that this could happen to you, there’s one question you need to be prepared to answer:
Why did you reasonably believe affirmative, conscious, and voluntary agreement to engage in sexual activity existed during this encounter?
That’s it. That’s the additional burden that’s being placed on people having sex. I think that’s entirely acceptable. Everyone forgets that there is such a thing as a defense, like as if, if you can be accused of something, an injustice has already occurred. All you gotta do, in the unlikely event that you’re the victim of such a campaign, is say why a normal person would have thought she was into it. And I mean, think about what it means if you don’t have a good answer to that! Yeah, I’m pretty sure she was into it, even though she didn’t say so, and she didn’t really participate, and she didn’t really, um, say or do anything at all about it, so I guess she could’ve been, I don’t know, neutral about it?
This is not a high bar. Would a reasonable person have believed that she was expressing agreement with what was happening? If no, are you a reasonable person? If yes, why did you have sex with her?