According to Chef Michael Smith, the word “restaurant” comes from establishments serving “restorative meals” that opened in Paris after the French Revolution.
In French (in Quebec at least), an “autocar” is a long-distance highway bus optimized for comfort, what some might call a “highway coach”. Regular city buses, optimized for access, are called “autobus”.
I assume that also works for “sombrero”?
I was taught that barbarian came from the root word barber - meaning hair as in the barbarians had facial hair but a quick googling shows that barba is latin and just a happy coincidence.
“insula” also gives us “peninsula” (almost an island), insulation (the stuff you use to turn your house into a thermal island), and insular (what you call someone/something, when it is cut off from everyone/everything else; that includes inhabitants of an isle).
Me? I like “disaster,” which comes from the italian/latin words for “bad stars,” arising from a time when people thought the stars controlled their destinies.
“Neodymium” = *neos *+ didymos, which are Greek for “new” and “twin” respectively. When man first discovered neodymium, it was *new *and acted as a *twin *(being a magnet), so they named it as such 
“Grenade” comes from “Pomegranate”, because a small container with a hardish shell full of shrapnel is not unlike a pomegranate in form. I learned this in the middle of a game in which someone gave “the fruit that is like a grenade” as a clue for pomegranate in a game, and I was utterly and completely certain that they were talking about pineapples, since WW2 grenades were referred to as pineapples.
The elements erbium, terbium, ytterbium, and yttrium are all named after the town of Ytterby, Sweden, which is the location of the quarry where they were all discovered.
English had the equivalent word “Decalcomania” but sensibly dropped the suffix, to create the word “decal”.
A catapult and a ballista are both large military machines. A catapult has a long arm and throws a stone by leverage. A ballista has a cable under tension and fires a projectile like a giant bow.
But the meanings were originally reversed. In ancient times, a catapult was the device that looked like a giant crossbow and a ballista was the device that had the long throwing arm. At some point, the meanings got switched.
Companion comes from the root ‘pan’ meaning ‘bread’ and ‘con’ meaning ‘with’ so a companion is literally someone you share bread with.
“Shit” and “scissors” come from the same IE root, meaning “to cut; cut off; separate.”
“pomegranate” breaks down further as “grains of fruit,” with “pome-” coming from latin “pomum”. It’s where we get “pomade” (which used to be made with apples), “pomodoro,” (tomato-based pasta sauce) and “pommes frites,” which is made from “pomme de terre” (“apple of the earth,” i.e. potatoes). Likewise, “grain” comes from latin “granum,” which is where we get granules, granulomas, and other fun words. Corrupt “granum” a bit further, and you get corn (a grain). “Corned beef” is beef which has been preserved with “corns” (grains) of salt.
And a grenadier was originally a specialty soldier who throws grenades. Grenadine a syrup made from pomegranates.
I remember being surprised that sanguine shared roots with exsanguinate, but I think most here know that.
My favorite (before learning some of this thread) had been the common root between buckeroo and vaccinations. Vaccinations originated from the first major immunization developed - using cowpox (vaccina, from the root vaca for cow) to protect from smallpox. Buckeroo was an American repronounciation of vaquero, Spanish for cowboy, same root.
The word “cafeteria”, as in a restaurant where you serve yourself and then pay at the end, comes from the Spanish for “coffee shop”.
And “mosey” from “vamos” (Spanish for “let’s go”).
Politics comes from the Greek *poly-, *meaning “many”, and tics, meaning “blood-sucking insects”.
OK, you’ve heard that before. 
Hence sanitarium. I never thought of that.
*Miniature *does not come from the same root as other min- words pertaining to smallness, such as *minimum *and minor.
Then where does it come from? Come on, man.
Governor comes from O.Fr. governer “govern,” from L. gubernare “to direct, rule, guide,” originally “to steer,” from Gk. kybernan “to steer or pilot a ship, direct” - which is the root of the etymology of the word “Cybernetics” as well.
The application of this information to the career of Arnold Schwarzenegger is left to the reader.