I’ve read that when Muslims pray they face the direction of Mecca. One item said that mosques have a “sign”(for lack of a better word on my part) that lets worshippers know what direction Mecca is.
I would assume the direction differs depending on one’s geographic location. You could face south, or west, or whatever? Is that how it’s done? From whatever point you are at, to Mecca, by the shortest line?
The “sign” is called a mirhab - it is a half circle recess in the wall. The direction is the shortest path - great circle - so in New York for example mosques face north east. In Iran they face west.
At least in American Islamic Centers, one sometimes sees strips of alternating colors of carpet to direct worshipers. A couple of years ago I looked at such a (recently vacated) space for my office.
Islam is actually pretty practical about issues like these. For example, if a Muslim is locked inside a room and doesn’t know which direction is which, he can just pray in whatever direction is available. His prayers won’t be invalidated if he guesses the wrong direction. Allah will understand he made the best effort he could under the circumstances.
I would be interested in studies that show how Muslim prayer works. If facing Mecca is important, prayers made to the wrong direction should show a marked difference in their efficacy.
But an astronaut at the ISS is not exactly on a journey. Sure, they are moving in orbit, but they themselves are “at work” aren’t they?
As the OP I want to thank those responding with answers to my question. And that article about the Malaysian astronaut was fantastic. That was one aspect of Muslim prayer I’d not thought of.
It’s interesting how the changes of technology change how religion is practiced.
Most Muslim scholars say that, as long as one makes a sincere attempt to face the proper direction, the prayer counts. Whether the prayer will be efficacious, granted, acted upon, or even noted by Allah, is decided by factors other than the direction the supplicant is facing.
Whether any prayer to any deity is at all efficacious is probably more of a “Great Debates” topic than a “GQ” one.
In a Hilton Hotel in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia (suburb of Kuala Lumpur), there was an unabtrusive arrow on my room ceiling pointing to the direction of Mecca.
I have no idea if anyone’s ever actually performed ritual prayers inside the Kaaba. I thought that the actual, precise direction of prayer was to the Black Stone, which is set in the cornerstone of the Kaaba itself, but I can’t find a cite for that, so it may be untrue.