That ain’t easy. Small businesses can range from a lawyer hanging out his shingle work from home, to a roofer nailing shingles with day laborers working out of his truck, to a family bakery, to the man who telecommutes from his closet with global clients. They’re everywhere, and they’re often invisible. They can’t be easily defined. They don’t have special reporting, shared needs, or even that many common experiences. They could be investors making millions every year, or part-timers selling crafts on the side for an extra 100o$ a month.
According to income taxes they are. This is because, as Wesley Clark kinda mentions but doesn’t understand, sole properieterships aren’t taxed on net income, but personal income, and a lot of those deductions don’t always work for you in practice. Note that tiny little bit about title - if you own the building, you get no break, even if it’s a business investment. If you go into debt, you get a break for that, but you probably can’t afford it. Small businesses are very often run as sole proprieterships or partnerships - which get no favorable tax treatment.
The other problem is that deductible business expenses aren’t as easy as you think. Most small business owners can’t, or don’t, deduct everything related to the business, and it isn’t always 100% deductible. It has to meet various requirements, which are not always perfectly applicable to the real world (and often have jack squat to do with the real world). For example, many people use a standardized Home Office deduction, which may be only a small portion of what you actually spend on one. And the more you try to deduct, the more complicated your taxes get, but accountantss are very expensive themselves. It’s not unusual for your real income to be a fraction of gross, but you still get taxed on a significant chunk of that.
So the fact that they aren’t rich at the end of the day doesn’t matter. They often get taxed at astounding rates because of the odd way tax rates are structured, and don’t neccessarily have a whopping personal income at the end of the day. They also take on much more risk even if they do make out well, and don’t grab any of the (stupid and poorly-legislated) tax discounts that corporations or even LLC’s can get for all kinds of things.
Now, if you know how to use it to your advantage, the tax benefits work pretty well. There are useful deductions and ways to spend your money to very good effect, and the tax forms can be a lot easier. But it’s definitely not the case that sole proprieters get away with low tax rates, and they’re often the most vulnerable to any business regulation and tax changes. They can’t afford a team of experts to restructure, refine, or reuse their resources, and spending time on that takes away from actual work.