Two the Duke did say:
Fill yore hand, you sonuvabitch!*
I won’t hit you. Like I hell I won’t. (punches out bad guy)
*Comes from True Grit, in the Greatest Scene in the History of American Cinema. If you think otherwise, you’re probably a pinko-commie-cylon-poopy head.
Christopher Walken: MORE COWBELL!!!
“It’s twue, it’s twue!!”-Madeline Kahn
Alton Brown, “but that’s another show.”
Chaplin: “_________________________________”
and “You can’t handle the truth”
Tom Cruise: “Sometimes you just gotta say ‘What the fuck.’”
Deborah Kerr: I was looking up!
and “Where does he get all those wonderful toys?”
Roy Scheider: “It’s showtime!!!”
Samuel L. Jackson: “Anakin, have you lost your motherfuckin’ mind?!” 
William Shatner: “Khaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaan!”
Sly: “Yo, Adrian!”
Travolta: “Whut?”
No, his signature line would be either “Beam me up, Scotty” (although he never said it) or “Space… the final frontier…”
Patrick Stewart:
“Engage” or, equally,
“Make it so”
Paul Hogan: “That’s not a knife: this is a knife!”
“So that would be your accomplice back there in the woodchipper, then?”
Tea. Earl Grey. Hot.
Naw, hers would be “You betcha!”
This is probably only me, but anytime I see or hear of Jamie Lee Curtis, I think “Please to help me with my rucksack?”
Chevy Chase: “Na na na na na na na na”
Alex Karras: “Mongo like candy”
Larry B. Scott: “We’re Lambda, Lambda, Lambda and (beat) Omega Mu.”
Donald Gibb: “NERDS!”
Javier Bardem: “Call it, friendo.”