Pauline – as in the Pauline epistles. Probably the most literal one on here.
Davidic (Davidic lineage, psalms)
Christian schools of thought, named for their founders
Arminian
Wesleyan
Calvinist
Lutheran
Mennonite
Someone stole the first one I thought of: rovian. Wouldn’t really fit with what became my theme, though.
Bushed?
(It’s a bit of a stretch…ok…a big stretch.)
Churchillian
Amish, after founder Jacob Amann (sp?)
Caesarean
Newtonian
Pollyannaish
Mosaic
Lutheran
Calvinist
Chaplinesque
Aristotelian
Gregorian
Kirky
Picardesque
Janewaynian
Archish
Siskone
Nietzschean
I thought that was spelled a-m-a-z-i-n-g?
Quisling?
bowdlerized
This is a noun, but is there an adjective also derived from it? Quislingish? Quislingular?
Please tell me who inspired Chauvinist. I learned it from context as my mother used it, and it’s never occurred to me that it might have to do with a person. My cursory Googling only turned up a literary character, but I saw no mention of his feelings of superiority toward women.
I think it was George Pig.
[Homeric] Doh! [/Homeric]
Bobbitism
Originally it had nothing to do with sexism, but extreme patriotic nationalism. Not sure exactly when it acquired its association with the attitude of absolute male superiority, but it’s easy to see the parallels.
Not according to Chambers.
That said I rather think Quislingtwat has a certain appeal to it. 
A Nicolas Chauvin was supposed to have served in the French army under Napoleon, but no conclusive proof of his existence has been found. He is thus probably a fictional (albeit legendary) character.
Quixotic.
I would have thought that would have been mentioned before now.
Maverick.