We looked into this once (and this was prior to 9-11). We had called ahead and we assured that the guitar could be brought on as carry-on. No problem they were very good about it and were extremely helpful.
On the way back however, they refused to allow the guitar on as carry-on (and it was in a soft case – basically a bag.) It was a $2000 custom-built instrument.
They also insisted that the musician sign a waiver saying that the airline was not in any way responsible if the instrument was damaged or destroyed as checked luggage.
In our case, the musician was touring and had to bring her own instrument. It was custom built and irreplaceable since the genuis who built it had died.
We spoke directly to the woman in charge of luggage handling, who assured us that it would be hand carried. We informed her that a musician had won a costly suit against an airline under those exact circumstances (the musician had claimed that he’d signed the waiver under duress and the court agreed – the choice had been a very last-minute “check the instrument, or do not board the plane. You will have to miss your concert”).
We almost cancelled my flight so that I could accompany the guitar by train for two days. But it didn’t come to that.
The woman in charge of baggage got the message and we watched from the plane as she carried it out to the tarmac like a glass slipper on a cushion (note: the baggage check was never noticed that instead of her signature, the musician had written “I Refuse to Sign”).
If you must take you’re own guitar, call the airline, get thorough instructions and take names as you go. Make sure you have settled things for both your departure flight and your return flight (which is where we went wrong). Fax machines are great, get as much as possible in writing.
Typically, (at least prior to 9-11 – I dunno about now) when orchestra members have to travel with large instruments, separate seats are booked for the instrument itself. Usually, if large orchestra groups are travelling together, they have special arrangements with the airlines.
We’ve had no problems since 9-11, but we’ve only sent people with cheap, crappy guitars checked in touring cases or arranged for rentals instead.
Note: Air Canada was very good and helpful. From Toronto, Canada to Sydney, Australia (and stopping in Honolulu) – no problems. Quantas Airlines from Sydney to Perth severely damaged the case. Ditto, Perth back to Melbourne – seriously damaged the case again. Return trip by Air Canada from Melbourne to Toronto (stopping in Honolulu) – no problem.
None of our artists will ever travel by Quantas again.