I have been considering a career in the aviation industry. However, first I would like to know whether or not airline pilots are allowed to have parachutes on board with them. Anyone out there know about becoming a pilot and what the pay is like? Do major airlines allow pilots to bring on parachutes? 
Some of your questions are answered here: What is involved in becoming a large jet pilot
I supose if an airline pilot wanted to bring a parachute on board in his luggage along with his other personal items he or she could, but there’s no point to wearing it (if that’s what you were implying) while on the job because there is no way to open the door while flight so you could jump out.* Also, it makes the passengers nervous when the guy up front is showing signs of wanting to leave halfway through the show.
- Yes, there was a hijacker who jumped out of a plane once, a D.B. Cooper, but he insisted they fly the plane low enough for pressure to equalize on both sides of the door, allowing it to open. At cruising altitudes you just can’t do that without depressurizing the airplane somehow, then you have the problem of getting to the door before passing out from lack of oxygen. Anyway you look at it, you’d need the cooperation of other folks on board to help you. Somehow, I don’t think they’d look kindly on the captain trying to bail out and leave them stranded in the air.
Nothing to add here; just an anecdote.
When my mom started working, she worked at FBOs. One time in the '70s a guy came into the FBO to enquire about flying lessons. He asked, “Do I need to bring my own parachute; or are they provided?” As a young kid who has been “plane crazy” since I was two years old (and still am now), I found this to be hilarious. (I don’t recall now; but she may have said the guy had bought a flight suit for training. 
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As a pilot, you’re be expected to guide the plane and its passengers to safety, not leave them high and dry.
Airline pilot here …
Without trying to be cruel, that OP is one of the most stunningly ignorant questions I’ve seen. Ignorance is no crime; there’s tons of things I’m stunningly ignorant about.
A boating life preserver and a parachute would be about equally useful to a jet pilot. In other words, of no use whatsoever.
As a practical matter, a parachute is a very bulky item, the size of a hefty hiking backpack, and they weigh a good 40 lbs. They’re not something you tuck into your suitcase between your socks and your toothbrush. Carrying one around would be a major PITA.
Attitudinally, the only way you can do this job well is to understand, deep down in your bones, two points: 1) Every time you fire up a jet, it’ll spend the next few hours trying to kill you. Usually it won’t try very hard, but once in awhile it’ll bite back with a vengeance. 2) Your whole reason for being there is ensure that the passengers, the jet, and you, arrive safely. Failure is NOT an option. Very literally, you WILL succeed or die trying.
It makes for a different mindset than a middle management or sales type, where failing at something at work causes little more than a shrug and on to the next customer or crisis.
A parachute is not part of that mindset.
I used to fly fighters for the USAF. I had an ejection seat and a parachute then. I also had the mindset to use it when appropriate. Different environment, different rules, different mindset.
If you’re asking about parachutes, you’re either very very new to thinking about aviation, or temperamentally utterly unsuited to it. Only you know which it is.
LSLGuy: No offense intended, but I think you may have been a little harsh.
I’m inclined to believe that the OP is interested in flying, but doesn’t know much about it. I’d suggest the OP go to Be A Pilot to find out about the $49 introductory flight.
Actually the OP made me think of the old joke
“I want to die in my sleep, like my grandfather, not screaming my head off like his passengers.” 
Just a slight nitpick, there was no “D. B. Cooper”, it was “Dan Cooper”. Some law officer got the name wrong early on and it stuck.