Airplane simulators: How can they be trusted?

Exactly. Flight simulators are not design tools, they are the result of empirical testing and modeling of the finished product.

Those are helpful clarifications. Thank you.

No, I know what we are discussing. My point is that there is limited flight test data to validate stall behaviour in the simulator so an alternative is to have the simulator present certain characteristics that adequately train the pilots in acceptable recovery methods even if those specific characteristics aren’t fully faithful to the real aircraft.

Oh, yes, I agree.