Bible Scholars - Exodus 19

I have always been a bit perturbed by this passage:

8 Remember the Sabbath day by keeping it holy. 9 Six days you shall labor and do all your work, 10 but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the LORD your God. On it you shall not do any work, neither you, nor your son or daughter, nor your manservant or maidservant, nor your animals, nor the alien within your gates.

What bothers me is that is does not mention the listener’s wife. One could say that God is addressing a mixed audience of men and women, but later in the passage that does not seem to be the case.

17 You shall not covet your neighbor’s house. You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, or his manservant or maidservant, his ox or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor.

This verse is either addressing a male audience, or failing to forbid women from coveting the neighbor’s husband.

What language was this originally written in? Do original/early texts make it clear whether the audience was addressed as all male?

I personally tend to perceive this as acknowledgement that especially if everyone else around is going to rest, it is unrealistic that the homemaker will also be able to rest.

It was originally written in Ancient Hebrew. While we have fairly few Hebrew texts from that time period, it seems fairly standard that everything was addressed as if the audience was male, since only males mattered in that society. Consider, for instance, that when the author(s) of the Old Testament wanted to issue restrictions on female behavior, they typically phrased them in terms of the punishments that the reader should apply to law-breaking women, rather than as a direct order to the reader. Children’s behavior was dealt with in a similar manner.