I’m writing a science fiction novel, and I’ve been told by people in the know that it’ll have to be at least 90,000 words if I want to get it published, even though the story only justifies a length of 75,000 words. The way I’ve heard it works in SF is that many people see long books as being more like “literature,” and SF is always trying to make itself more like “real literature” because for some reason a lot of writers have a massive inferiority complex. SF is trying to distance itself from pulp fiction and aspire to the level of classics, and people tend to think of classic novels as being super long and “challenging” (read: non-entertaining). SF wants so desperately to be legitimate. Unfortunately, people conflate legitimacy with being long and boring, seeming to forget the hundreds of great “classic” works that were less than 75,000 words long, and also seeming to forget that “classic” works up until the twentieth century were not written with greatness in mind but merely as entertainment, something that modern SF has ceased to be for me. The race to be considered legitimate is also the reason why SF book covers no longer look “science fictiony,” but are instead supposed to look classy, whereas mystery publishers or romance publishers have no qualms about putting stereotypical pulp-like covers on their books.
Another problem, besides the “long = literature” thing, is that publishers don’t really price their books according to length, at least on the SF shelf. A trade paperback of a Philip K. Dick book (most of which clock in at somewhere around 60,000 words) costs around thirteen dollars at a brick and mortar bookstore, and it’s the same for a 500-page novel printed in trade. If there’s a difference, it’s only by a dollar or two: i.e. a 700-page novel in paperback might sell for eight bucks whereas a 250-page one might sell for seven, which isn’t enough of a difference. IMO the publishers have to offer enough of a price difference between short books and long ones to make the short books “worth it.” There’s no reason on Earth why a 75,000 word long novel should sell for anything more than five dollars. I’ve never seen a book on the SF shelf for $4.95 originally.
So yeah, economics are part of it. But I think that the “800 pages = serious literature” thing is the bigger problem.
Bloat is the reason why I don’t really like a lot of modern SF. Authors spend hundreds of pages “world building,” which frankly bores the crap out of me. I know some people like to be transported to another world when they read, but I don’t care about setting at all, I care about character interactions and seeing how the characters react to the pressures of an alien society or the novelty of a new technology. Setting is more of an afterthought to me than anything else. Sadly, as long as people keep on buying copies of Jonathan Strange and the Baroque Cycle books*, this is a trend that isn’t gonna die.
*no offense to anyone that actually likes these books, but they look tortuous to read, I’ll stick with pulps