Business Plans??WTF?

Okay, Mr. Lyllyan has decided that I am to write a business plan in order to get financing on his latest money making scheme. The “scheme” itself is a very sound one, and I have looked at all the various “How to write a business plan” sites on the web. For the life of me, I still don’t get it. Am I that stoopid? (This is a purely rhetorical question, do not feel you need to respond). I have made several abortive attempts, but just can’t get going. I’m afraid I’m one of those

  1. get XX pieces of paper
  2. get a ballpoint pen and calculator
  3. write name on page 1

type people. You know, a fill in the blank kind of person. I am a wiz at the yearly taxes, but, this whole BP concept is beyond me. HTF are you supposed to tell what you earnings are going to be in 5 years??? I will be trying again next week. Any help would be greatly appreciated. And yes, I do have “Business Plans for Dummies”.

Lyllyan, you have to make projections based on market research and other due diligence, and you have to back up your projections with sound data. I can’t really tell you anything that wouldn’t be in Business Plans for Dummies, but I can tell you, since I work in venture capital, that the number one reason a proposal doesn’t get any money is because the business plan is so convoluted that the VC co. can’t determine if the idea itself has any merit whatsoever. So if you don’t think you’ll be able to write a good plan, find someone who knows how to do one and pay them to write it for you. Of course, you’ll have to pay someone to get the back-up data too but that’s a whole other can of worms.

I’m sure people far better qualified than I to advise you who frequent this board but WTH.

There’re business plans and there’re business plans. My partner and I annually drew up business plans for internal use only, but what you want to produce is a prospectus. I happened to be able to lay my hands on one I drew up in 1992 and I offer its general outline as a template you may be able to adapt to your ends. I have no idea what endeavor you’re contemplating or what sort of business structure you desire; just so the following makes some sense know that it was an offering wherein our company (beatlecorp, hereinafter “BCI”) desired to form a limited liability partnership, with us as Managing Partner, for the purpose of acquiring and marketing seismic data to the oil and gas exploration industry.

(First two pages are described, then I’ll use Page 3, the Table of Contents, as an outline)

Page 1 - Title Page
Name of Joint Venture (i.e., 1992 BCI Seismic Partners)
Confidential Private Placement Memorandum
Number of copy and date it was produced
Address and phone number (ooh, this was before everyone had email)

Page 2 - Securities Act stuff
“This memorandum is confidential and shall remain the property of BCI and any reproduction or distribution of its contents, in whole or in part, is prohibited.”

Followed by a lot of boilerplate disclaimer language relating to the investors’ need to evaluate risk by their own devices and paying homage to the Securities Act that, if Business Plans for Dummies addresses writing a prospectus, I would guess they provide.

Followed by © 1992 beatlecorp

TABLE OF CONTENTS - 3

OVERVIEW 4
Brief paragraph describing it all in a grand and glorious manner
A. The Product
B. The Offering

  • Participant Commitment and Compensation - describe the deal in global terms
  • Dilution and Participant Interest - doing a deal that doesn’t have an end in sight can be memoraable
  • Minimum Commitment and Commencement of Activities - if you need $400K to get going, you’re not going to try it with $30K
  • Investor Qualifications - make’em tell you in writing they are OK under the Securities Act
  • BCI Compensation - spell out your end of the deal.
    INVESTMENT MERITS AND RISK FACTORS 8
    MERITS
  • Industry Trends
  • Industry Outlook
    This section is the fluff (you’re not trying to mislead anybody, you just put the best light on your idea) wherein you make the case for your idea being a good one at the right time. Charts, graphs and research sources are good stuff for this section.
  • Strong Market Position Available - this is where to work in your market research; and you need to do some; once again, not knowing what you’re attempting I don’t know how to advise you on this, but you can do your own
  • Risk/Reward Profile - why the investor is better of putting money into you than putting it elsewhere
    RISK FACTORS
  • Your Market - describe it and acknowledge that, while you think this is a better mousetrap, you could be wrong
  • Projections
    “Profit projections included with this memorandum represent BCI’s best estimation of the probable course of events within the targeted market. Should BCI’s projections fall short on any parameter, the expected ROI will change for the Participant(s).” Discuss parameters
  • Competition - what are you up against? Do you know who else is working the same trail, and why can you beat them out in the market?

PARTNERSHIP ACTIVITIES 13
Brief summary of what you’re going to do.
BCI CORPORATE PROFILE 14
When you started, why (the idea), how you’re structured and why that is advantageous (hmmm…, it appears I threw another graph in here, relevant to why the indutry needed to do things my way).

BCI KEY PERSONNEL 16
You’ve seen this stuff before - brief bios (2-3 sentences) that accent why you know what you’re doing. Try to write the first draft without using adjectives.

BCI BACKGROUND DATA 17
A list of Clients, Corporate charter info, Legal Counsel, Accounting Firm, Commercial Banker and Commercial Insurance source
ESTIMATED ANNUAL GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS 18
You’re going to have to cook up a budget; include salaries (not high, but OK) for yourselves.

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS PROJECTIONS 19
Whoohoo! The fun begins. I commonly see these the way I did it - with a low-side case, an expected case and a high side case. Make the worst profitable. Since I have no idea what market you’re trying to address, I can’t help out much here.
REVENUE AND EXPENSE PROJECTIONS 20
The fun continues! What do you expect to spend and what revenues can you expect? This is a place for Excel charts (that go up eventually - you’re going to have to include to initial outlay only, i.e., negative revenue, months)
SUMMARY OF TERMS 21
A concise summary of the deal, including the following items:
Amount of Commitment: $X
Term: Through completion of program, anticipated to be X years, no longer than Y years
Remittance: 25% of commitment at commencement of 1992 BCISP; quarterly remittance based on budget forecast and remitted via cash call
Structure: Limited Partnership w/BCI; BCI as Managing Partner
BCI Responsibilities: BCI as Managing Partner will be responsible for…
Placement Fee: BCI may consult and retain financial advisors for the purpose of securing financial partners who will pay any such fees.
Participant Compensation: Spell out the deal.
PETROLEUM PRICE CYCLE PROJECTIONS 22
This would be a place for another dollop of your (optimistic) market research to bolster the spirits of those who’ve chugged through the financial info.
THE SEISMIC METHOD 23
The best technical explanation of your product or idea that you can boil down to one page that includes an explanatory graphic.
BCI ACTIVITIES TO DATE
Here I included color maps and shot down displays of data we’d already acquired. Trying to go global here, I’d guess you might want to make dessert the best eye candy you can summon for your contemplated effort.
So, that thing was 26 pages long and we used a Velo-Bind system to put them together. It was generally well received.

If you are going to proceed along a line at all similar to what I’ve laid out, you are also going to need a General Agreement, to be executed by the partners. That is far beyond the scope of this board; you’ll need to engage an attorney for that (include that in the G & A).

Good luck, Lyllyan!

Beatle lays out it pretty well, better than I could. But I’ve written a few in my time. let me add a couple of tips.

Words should be brief. Numbers should include a summary page and then go many pages deep for backup (usually as an appendix.)

Don’t use shorthand. Instead of saying “we’ll budget $100,000 in salaries for an office staff,” spell it out:

Office manager $35,000
Bookeeper $30,000
2 part-time (30 hr. per week) office assistants @$17,500 ea.

In my experience, there are two big reasons business plans fail. 1) They don’t explain the business well enough that someone can just pick it up and understand it instinctively. 2) They don’t adequately explain how the venture will make money.

Remember, no matter how much the person you pitch likes your idea, there is someone in the chain whose job it is to punch more holes in your idea than a Florida ballot. Those people generally go through your numbers several times looking for things that (literally) don’t add up.

Have someone (like your banker) review your business plan and offer brutal but constructive criticism before you start sending it out. I once had a client tell me “Your projections don’t make sense.” I had to remind him they were HIS projections. I just put them on paper.

I’ve had the good fortune to be involved in several successful startups, in varying roles, including as a founder, as a senior manager, as an investor, and as an advisor to senior management. I’ve written or co-written or analyzed dozens of business plans for startup companies.

The number one thing you want isn’t a business plan. It’s an executive summary. Make your summary 2 pages max, and pack in as much bragging material possible. This is your resume. VCs get dozens of plans a week, and invest in maybe one per month. You’ve got to catch their eye with this in 5 minutes or less, because they won’t be reading it any longer than that. Important sections:

Intro: in 3-5 sentances describe what problem you solve, how you solve it, and why you are uniquely qualified to solve it.

Market: Describe the need for what you’re doing. Estimate the overall size of the market.

Product or Service: Describe what you’ll do to address that market.

Sales Channels: Describe how you’ll get to your customer. Will you hire sales people and sell direct? Or will you find reseller partners? What vertical markets do you expect to attack and why? How will you find your customers and partners?

Team: Describe the people on the team and why they are uniquely suited to solving this problem. I can’t over-emphasize that the people are the most important part of the equation. If you are perceived as having a great idea but a lame team, you won’t get funded. If you’re perceived as having a half-way decent idea and an excellent team, you will.

Financials: Projected revenues for years 1, 2 and 3. When you expect to break even.

Work to date: What have you accomplished so far? Do you have anything patentable? Do you have a prototype? Do you have any employees? Do you have any Advisors from the appropriate space? Etc.

What you want: Amount of funding being sought. What will be done with that funding. How long you expect the money to last.
The number two thing you want isn’t a business plan, it’s a presentation. It should contain 20 foils maximum, and is really an expansion of your Exec Summary, built into a presentation.

The Exec Summary and Presentation may be all you need to get funding at this stage, and frankly I would run with those until a VC tells you they need more detail, at which time you can write it.

Be sure to pass your Exec Summary around to people you trust for review, and likewise give your presentation to several trustables before you go to the capital community.

You want to get to an Angel or VC by way of an introduction. Going in cold is bad in general, and and doubly bad with this current climate. Don’t know any? Go meet some. There are plenty of networking events you can go to where Entrepreneurs and VCs can meet. I don’t know what your space is, but local colleges are usually a good source of events.

Make sure the VC you’re going to is a fit for you. Different VCs invest in different stages; be sure the one you’re at is interested in making early stage investments. Some focus exclusively on later stages. Be sure the one you’re at is interested in investing in your field. Most specialize in particular areas.

When you go in to a VC, have your homework on them done. Go to their web site and find out what investments they’ve made in your space. Find out what potential partners for you they’ve invested in. And if by chance they’ve invested in a direct competitor of yours, by all means don’t approach them; your plans will go right into the hands of your enemies.

If you’re lucky enough to have many VCs to choose from, approach the lamest ones first. You’re guaranteed to get beaten in this process, so accumulate your scars with the low-end ones, so by the time you get to the big boys you’re polished.

What they’re looking for (in this order):

  1. the team
  2. the market
  3. the idea
    In general, everybody and his brother has a great idea. That isn’t what gets funded. What does is if you’ve got people there who have proven success in this market before, and a large enough demonstrable market that if the idea turns out to be bad that you can adjust course.

As I say, I’m pretty deep into this stuff. If you’d like more advice, or a review, feel free to email me. Especially if you’re in the high-tech world, and especially if you’re in Silicon Valley. If you’re in my world technology and geography-wise, and you’ve got a good thing, I can introduce you to folks as well.

Thank you Bill H, Kunilou, beatle and missbunny.

I have printed out all your posts so that I may re-read them. Your collective responses have cleared up a few questions.

[quote]
**Don’t use shorthand. Instead of saying “we’ll budget $100,000 in salaries for an office staff,” spell it out: **

[quote]

I was never good at essays in school, and in my mind, this is an essay. I tend to be very brief and to the point. I’ll keep this in mind, and try to be a bit more effusive.

[quote]
**So if you don’t think you’ll be able to write a good plan, find someone who knows how to do one and pay them to write it for you. Of course, you’ll have to pay someone to get the back-up data too but that’s a whole other can of worms. **

[quote]

They have those? As a backup, where would one look to acquire such a person?
Thank you also for your encouragement. I guess it is just the mass research that’s got me bumfuzzled. You guys are just GREAT!

Hey Lyllyan – there are loads of people who offer their services for writing business plans on freelance sites, but you’d have to make sure that they can really do what they claim – not that they can write a good business plan just because they say they can. Get references, I suppose. You could also probably get some referrals through the graduate school of business administration of any good university – I think most B-school students have to learn to write a plan as part of their studies. Or the other way is to follow the how-to manuals and recommendations from people who seem to know what they’re talking about (like beatle, kunilou, and Bill H.) and submit it to a banker or VC firm and hopefully they will give you recommendations on how to improve it.

Or maybe the Small Business Administration could give you some guidance? Or that non-profit whose name escapes me, composed of former CEOs and top-level executives, which offers assistance in these kinds of set-up matters. Or is there maybe an adult-education course on this topic in your area?

Also, Bill H. is right - you will need an Executive Summary to submit to VC firms. They won’t want to see your business plan right away – too big and just a waste of paper for them and you. You will need the BP eventually though - it’s not that you’ll be able to have only a BP.

I hope you find something - good luck!

How many definitions are there for “due diligence?”