Defining rape
This thread is really about the definition of rape, not whether rape can be the victim’s fault, right? Because, once you reach the point where a situation is “rape”, then the rapist is criminally culpable and no fault belongs to the victim.
Rape law originated as a woman’s criminal defence against charges of fornication-- she would not be prosecuted if she could prove utmost resistance. If she knew her attacker (especially if she had ever been friendly with him), or if she was not injured, her claim of rape would probably fail.
The claim evolved into a criminal charge against the rapist, with the same sort of requirement of evidence. Over time, the requirement of evidence changed, as did the definition of rape, gradually.
The requirement of utmost resistence changed to reasonable resistence-- if there was an explicit or implicit threat of violence, the rape victim could submit without losing the claim of rape.
In some jurisdictions, the focus has shifted to the rapist, requiring evidence only of foricible compulsion. In other places, the courts rely on evidence of non-consent or lack of consent.
Only a few places rely on “lack of consent” to define rape. In those situations, if a woman simply lies still, and does not say yes, it is rape. More jurisdictions require the victim to somehow communicate no (non-consent).
A little history for a framework…
Gender
Because of the origins of rape law (based on a woman’s defense against charges of heterosexual fornication), rape is traditionally defined as an act of aggression by a man against a woman. Only recently have the gender aspects of the definition been relaxed in some states to include male on male aggression, or other variations.
Mary and God
I really never before thought of the immaculate conception being sexual, or involving some sort of spiritual/physical sex act. I thought the story was deliberately made non-sexual, to differentiate it from other stories of divine/human couplings. In other myths, the sexual/physical aspect of the rape was emphasized in the imagery (golden rain, a testosterone-charged bull carrying the human girl away from people out to the sea) or the plot (a male god physically running after a female human). In the Christian mythos, images of animals, foamy ocean waves, or pursuit are avoided altogether, in exchange for intact hymens and formal messengers.
bdsm and rape fantasy
Just a little note about fantasy in the leather community. Since rape fantasies may be common, but the actuality carries so much potential for damage, most people in the leather community advocate the use of a safe word. That is, you can play a “non-consent” game/fantasy, and the play-victim can cry “no” as much as she wants, but if she chooses to end the game, she says “red” or “banana” or some other agreed-upon safe word. That way, there is actual consent, but the non-consensual fantasy can be experienced.
what I really wanted to say about rape
The thing is, there is a very real situation that can occur, where a victim does not consent to sex, but the other partner does not know this. If he has no way of knowing that his partner does not consent, then he should no be criminally culpable in any way, and it is not a rape. However, very real damage can occur to the person who didn’t consent.
Where we do we draw the line that he should know that he’s harming her (or any other gender combination)? When he crosses the line, he has committed a wrong. When he doesn’t cross it, he has done nothing wrong. But on both sides, the person who didn’t consent is still damaged. Generally, if we have been harmed in that way, or we love someone who has, we draw the line further in one direction than we would otherwise. And it’s an emotional area-- I would rather not be the person responsible for drawing the line, because I know I’m biased.
That is, there are people who have harmed me or people I care about. Some should have known better, some were merely idiots who could not have known. I’m not the one who chooses who deserves punishment, which is good for the world, 'cause I’d like to beat 'em all to a pulp.