[QUOTE=Sarahfeena]
So, I just want to be sure that I understand what you are saying here. Does the LDS church consider other Christian churches such as the Roman Catholic Church to have valid baptisms? If so, what is the definition of “valid?” With the Catholic Church, the baptism is either valid or it isn’t, and this concept that it can be an “almost as good” baptism seems very odd to me.
[/QUOTE]
Maybe we have a little misunderstanding here; I’m not sure what you mean by “almost as good.”
Both LDS and Catholics agree on a basic premise of the necessity of apostolic succession and priesthood authority. Catholics claim to have priesthood authority directly from God, in an unbroken chain that goes back through St. Peter to Christ himself. Thus they believe that their baptisms are valid–that is, they confer an actual spiritual benefit, cleansing the person from sin and making him reborn as a Christian, opening the way to salvation. The RCC has also softened its stance on baptism and now considers Protestant baptisms done in the proper spirit to be acceptable to God, even though they do not believe Protestants to have actual priesthood authority.
Latter-day Saints also claim to have priesthood authority directly from God, in an unbroken chain that goes back through St. Peter to Christ himself. (Same principle–we disagree on who has it, not whether it is necessary. Protestants reject the principle entirely and claim the priesthood of all believers.) We believe that the chain of apostolic succession was broken not long after the deaths of the New Testament apostles, and that priesthood authority had to be restored if it was to exist again on the earth. Thus the LDS Church is not Protestant–we didn’t want to reform existing Christian practice–it is Restorationist, because we wanted to restore something that was lost.
So the LDS believe that their baptisms are valid Christian baptisms conferring an actual spiritual benefit (cleansing the person from sin and making him reborn as a Christian, opening the way to salvation), and that all other baptisms are not valid. So we don’t accept baptism from any other church–anyone joining the LDS Church has to be baptized. And likewise, no other Christian church that I know of considers an LDS baptism to be valid (including the RCC). If I wanted to become Catholic or Orthodox or something, I would have to be baptized. That’s fair.
Now, the Bible says that anyone who believes and is baptized is saved, while anyone who does not believe is damned. Baptism appears to be an absolutely necessary ordinance if you want to go to heaven–if you believe, then you’ll be baptized. There doesn’t seem to be the option of believing and not getting baptized and still being saved. This has presented a problem for centuries–what about all those innocent people who lived their lives without ever hearing of Jesus Christ? What about unbaptized babies who die? What if you got baptized in good faith but it was not a valid baptism from someone with the priesthood?
For a long time, Christians simply believed that anyone who wasn’t baptized was damned, and even innocent babies could only get as far as Limbo. That seems unnecessarily cruel to modern people, who usually decide to ignore the clear teaching in the Bible and believe that God will save all good people, or something similar, for after all he is a loving God and how can it be loving to damn someone who never had a chance?
Mormons, however, have another way to deal with this problem. In 1 Cor. 15:29, Paul makes a rather mysterious comment: “Else what shall they do which are baptized for the dead, if the dead rise not at all? why are they then baptized for the dead?” He’s referring to some practice that was lost or something–no one knew what to do with this passage. Clearly the Corinthians were doing baptisms for the dead, and he didn’t disapprove, but no one knew anything more, so the verse is usually ignored as being too obscure to understand.
The LDS Church restored this practice. We believe that everyone who ever lived will have the chance to learn and accept or reject the truth that Christ is the Savior. Since everyone who believes needs to be baptized, and baptism is an ordinance that can only be done with a living body, we do it by proxy for our ancestors, in order to link ourselves with them in a family chain going back as far as we can find. So: unbaptized babies, people who lived and never heard of Christ, all those people–they are not lost but have a chance to learn just as we do. They may then accept or reject the proxy baptism as they choose.
This is why Mormons are so obsessed with genealogy and why we think it’s so important to copy and preserve records–we want to do this work for our ancestors. It’s against the rules to do it for anyone else–each person is supposed to be researching her own line of descent. We think it’s so important that we have set up family history libraries in most cities, and anyone at all is welcome to come in and do their own family history research for no charge and with plenty of help–so that anyone can be connected with their own heritage.
Well, that got long, sorry. But I hope it clears up the question! 