Cheaper to Heat or Cool?

Factual Questions
1

In general, is it cheaper to heat a home to a comfortable temperature or cool a home to a comfortable temperature?

It seems to me that since heating is generally more low tech and most commonly based on burning a fuel, and air conditioning is more high tech and most commonly powered by electricity that factoring in the equipment costs and utility bills, heating might be cheaper.

But then again, we generally have to raise the indoor temperature higher vs. the outdoor temperature to heat a building, while there’s usually less of a difference between and outdoor hot temperature and a comfortable indoor one.

So do people in cooler climates spend more to feel comfortable than people in warm climates or not?

There’s way more science, math and econonomics to this than I feel like thinking about on a Sunday morning.

2

In dry climates, assuming equal delta T, it is much cheaper to cool, via evaporative (swamp) cooling.