Another vote for Jodie Foster.
So crashed, didn’t burn.
He actually ended up a LAPD motorcycle cop for a while, according to TVLand.com. That’s about the polar opposite of “crash and burn” that you can get.
http://www.tvland.com/shows/leave-it-to-beaver/bios/ken-osmond
Ditto Chris Young, who played the computer geek on Max Headroom. His career has been unspectacular but solid and he was deadly handsome in his late 20s-30s.
He medically retired early because of injuries due to gun shots. Did 18 years.
Sarah Polley
Child actor who continued to act as an adult. Now a pretty respected director.
When you mentioned director I thought of Eric Laneuville. Looking him up I see he barely qualifies because he was almost 18 when he started acting professionally but often played younger. After St Elsewhere he became a very successful TV director. I see his name on just about everything.
Sarah Jessica Parker and Michael J. Fox come to mind, though they were more teenagers than children.
As an aside: Amanda Bynes is my childhood-through-late-20s dentist’s daughter. I watched her grow up and heard all the stories as her successes built, and up until the last two years or so, she seemed to have evaded the whole “child actor crashes and burns.” It’s been very sad as that has not proven the case. Last I heard from her dad–which was 7 years ago or more–he and his wife (who was his office receptionist) retired and moved to be closer to Amanda while she was filming, uh, something.
He did tell me, appropos of nothing, in my last appointment with him, “Don’t ever let your kids get involved in show business. It ruins them.”
Jackie Coogan
The Kid (1921) - a Charlie Chaplin movie
Uncle Fester on The Addams Family - (1964 - 1966)
plus lots of other stuff
I think they’re a little young to declare out of the woods but I have high hopes. They seem both incredibly mature and yet having a relatively normal childhood (they attend(ed) a regular school and slot film commitments around it’s schedule as much as possible.
I don’t recall any interviews with their parents but I give them a lot of credit anyway 
Here it is.. Now I want to adopt that kid! Clearly a brilliant and insightful lad.
I seriously read this as “because of injuries due to groin shots.” In fact, I read it that way SEVERAL TIMES. I don’t know what’s wrong with me.
How about Elijah Wood and Sean Astin?
I don’t think any of the main child actors on Roseanne went on to headline-grabbing behaviors or the like; Becky #1 has had roles on shows like Law & Order, while Becky v.2 made Scrubs her bitch.
There’s been rumors around Sundance the last few years that Joseph Gordon-Levitt enjoys altering his reality w/ various chemicals but he’s obviously got a good grip on it and it hasn’t adverselt affected his work.
Alanis Morisette has been in the public eye since You Can’t Do That on Television, if not earlier. She seems to have done okay for herself.
When I saw the thread titile, my first thought was Christina Applegate. It takes a clearly intelligent mind to act as a turbo slut when you’re young and not have it affect you.
Nawtha-Two points:
1.Becky #2 broke Ted’s heart, leaving him at the altar 
2. JGL wasn’t on Roseanne (don’t think you meant to imply that)
Raven Symone started as a child actress on Cosby, then went to Hangin with Mr. Cooper, and then Disney channel shows, without showing up on the scandal sheets. She’s in her late 20s now and seems to have saved all her money at least.
Hayden Panettiere seems to be doing well - I remember her from her Ally McBeal days. Seems to be staying clean and very politically active; ISTR she got arrested (or narrowly avoided arrest) in Japan for breaking up their annual dolphin slaughter but is otherwise doing well and onto her latest hit show.
To my mind (and I could be wrong), there seems to be a different attitude towards acting from British actors as opposed to American actors. That is to say, there’s less emphasis on “stardom” and more on being the best they can at their craft.*
Could that be the reason that Daniel Radcliffe and his Potter co-stars seem to have their heads together more than many child stars?
*Someone somewhere once said that for a British actor, there’s no such thing as “slumming”, only working. Similarly, when Jay Leno interviewed Patrick Stewart many years ago, he expressed admiration for how British actors always seem to be busy. He went on to say that for the most part, American movie actors would make a blockbuster and then have a period of downtime until the next one. But a British actor might make a high-profile Hollywood movie, then a small independent one, then a run onstage in Drury Lane, then a miniseries for the BBC…but they were ALWAYS working.
Although the Gilbert sisters were mentioned upthread–I really think Sara Gilbert is one of the best examples. She has worked consistently. She has a happy marriage with her wife and kids. (I’ve never heard of anything bad.) And she has a great gig on The Talk. I watched her grow up on Roseanne and she was always my favorite character–well except for Roseanne.