In the Balkans, citizenship and nationality are seen as completely different, although they may coincide. There are groups of non-national citizens living in most of the Balkan nations, which was part of the reason the Yugoslav wars of the 1990s were so confusing to…um, pretty much everyone else. Bosnian Serbs would say that they are of Serbian nationality but they are still citizens of Bosnia. (The differences between Bosnians and Serbs and Croatians is itself an extremely prickly matter, but AFAICT, the most obvious one is that Bosnians are Muslims and Serbs are Orthodox and Croatians are Catholic. They’re all Slavs who speak the same language.)
A quarter of the population of Macedonia is Albanian, and tensions between the two groups nearly resulted in a civil war in 2001. The Macedonian Albanians absolutely consider themselves to be Albanians who happen to have Macedonian citizenship. The Albanians in Kosovo you probably know about.
Ten percent of the population of Bulgaria is Turkish (it was closer to 40% where I lived) and although they are citizens of Bulgaria and have lived there for hundreds of years, they are definitely considered Turks. When an election was held, one of my students (who was about eleven) tried to give me a flier for a candidate. I reminded her that I’m not Bulgarian and I couldn’t vote, and she looked puzzled and said “But the Turks can vote!” I said, “But they’re citizens. I’m not a citizen.” She seemed pretty confused. Another (imho, pretty weird) conflict is over Macedonian nationals in Bulgaria, which is unacknowledged by the Bulgarian government because they refuse to admit that Macedonians are separate from Bulgarians in the first place. Any Bulgarian will happily inform you that Macedonia is really part of Bulgaria and there is no such thing as a separate Macedonian identity. Nevertheless, there are some people in southwestern Bulgaria trying to get the government to recognize them as a separate national group with their own separate language. (I don’t make any judgments on whether they’re really a separate group, but the idea that Macedonian and Bulgarian are separate languages is pretty funny.)
Not just Nunavut, but I suppose you could argue that any First Nations (i.e. native peoples) member could have a different nationality, regardless of where in Canada they live.
That’s a good question. I really don’t know. I do have a co-worker who is a First Nations member, and if he was in today, I’d ask him what his passport has in the “nationality” space. But he’s away for the holidays. If this thread is still active when he’s back at work (he will return next week), I’ll ask him and post the answer.
Nationality refers to the country of your birth, but also more generally to any country in which you hold the right to dwell.
I was born in England, and hold a British passport. I am a British national (as well as citizen). However, as a lawful resident of the US, I have responsibilities to the US- like registering for the draft- so I’m also a US national.
I’m not sure, actually. I sure as hell have never seen anything from the Bulgarian government printed in any language but Bulgarian…which is, like I said, pretty much the same as Macedonian anyway.*
Frankly, although racism is pretty bad in Bulgaria, it’s against the Roma, who are so maltreated that I can’t imagine that the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, whatever it says, is being enforced anyway. The worst thing that would happen to someone who insists that they are Macedonian is that someone might tell them that there’s no such thing as Macedonians. While probably frustrating, I doubt it would result in material discrimination, such as job loss or refusal of university admittance.
*Macedonian and Bulgarian are what linguists call “mutually intelligible languages”. There is a “Macedonian accent”, but it’s common in Western Bulgaria as well. (Actually, once someone asked me if I was Macedonian. A friend told me they could tell I had an accent, but couldn’t pinpoint it. A crowning moment in my Bulgarian-speaking career!)