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“The Method” or “Method Acting” refers to the techniques taught by Stanislavsky and their descendants, which are myraid. To oversimplify, a method actor tries to have a real-life experience similar to the character so as to have experience to draw on on stage. For example, a straight man who needs to portray a gay character might go to some gay clubs, possibly even go on a date with a man. To give a ridiculous example, a method actor playing a murderer might kill someone in real life to understand what it’s really like to to kill someone. Method acting is therefore subject to lots of jokes, many of them boiling down to implying that the actor is sleeping with their partner on stage. It’s also a personal choice thing- some actors swear by it, others roll their eyes and crack one of the aforementioned jokes.
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I think that’s oversimplifying to the point of falsifying, but I agree that what you say is what “Method” has come to mean colloquially. Ask Stanislavsky, and he’d tell you it’s about really understanding and identifying with your character - writing a backstory if there’s none in the script, understanding the motivations and emotional needs and wants. Stanislavsky was one of the pioneers who thought that naturalism was a good thing on the stage (and screen), and he taught that the way to get there was to immerse yourself in the character so that even if you were to have your script taken away entirely and be given a new setting and incident, you’d be able to think and behave as that character would, not as *you *would in that situation.
Sometimes the easiest way to do this is to “stay in character” when you aren’t acting the scene, especially in choppy film work, and this is probably the most well known Method technique these days. “Asshole” Method actors who won’t go for a beer after work with the guy playing the villain and such. In reality, if you’re working from a theory that you must feel the emotion to portray the emotion, then it’s just a lot of frickin’ work to get yourself into that emotional state and come back out of it cleanly 93 times a day.
Early on, Stanislavsky tried to do this by having actors access their own emotional memories. Have to do a scene which requires tears? Think of the day your dog died. He mostly discarded this later, as it led to actors becoming wrecks. Later he tried the opposite: have to cry? Then go through the physical process of crying: alter your breathing, screw up your face, and then notice how the physical act brings you into the emotional state of sadness, and then go act the scene.
When it moved to America, Stanislavsky’s Method became increasingly psychologically oriented, and that’s when the emphasis on realism and naturalism really took off. Marlon Brando, and actually trained Method actor, spun film acting into a completely new direction with his frothing, spitting, incomprehensible anguish in A Streetcar Named Desire. The appearance of naturalistic emotion was revolutionary. Can you imagine Cary Grant playing the role of Stanley? Could he have done it? Sure, he was a fine actor; he played the roles of rakish young men just fine. But it would have been a very *different *way of playing it, because he did not study Method, and wasn’t particularly interested in naturalistic acting anyway. He wouldn’t have given two hoots about Stanley’s childhood abuse issues, and it would have shown in his performance. “Better” or “worse”, it would have been different.
But it won’t last forever, and it’s never been the only way to act, or the best way to act in all situations. The last two decades have seen a huge decline in realism in acting. Joss Whedon’s characters certainly don’t talk like real high school students. No one really talks like a Kevin Smith character. (Well, okay, there was this one guy I worked with in a video store…but he was weird!) No one is really as cool as an action hero, or has just the right quip ready at the right moment. Method acting, IMHO, is actually a hindrance when portraying unrealistic characters and situations. Others would argue with me on that point.