December Debates Feminist Academia

Mandelstam
Unfortunately, I haven’t time just at the moment to digest your entire post. However, I found this disturbing.

**

From the essay,

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The most damning aspect of the Sokol incident wasn’t the fact that he fooled Social Text. The most damning aspect of the Sokol incident is the dogged refusal in so many quarters to even consider that it indcates there may be a serious problem.

I’ve never said that the entire women’s studies discipline is completely worthless. However, when you insist everything is just fine and there is no problem whatsoever with the state of scholarship in women’s studies, you hold the good scholarship hostage to the bad.

**
This essay certainly does say something to you about your life, even if you disagree with it. Pretending that it does not is a symptom of the very problem the essay identifies.

And december adds another notch to his fallacy of composition bedpost.

Maeglin, if I said that this one episode proves that the revolution is over, that would indeed be the F of C. However, note how the post only seems to say somethat that it doesn’t actually say. Maybe I could go into advertising…:wink:

Truth Seeker, I’ll wait for your full reply to my last, and for your reply to kimstu and even sven. In the meantime I’ll return to my life of sham reading and proposterism. :wink:

Maeglin, I seemed to have missed your last; thanks for the interesting references on medieval poetry. I had popped in to reply to december on the matter of the revolutionary advent of female gynecologists (!) but I see that Kimstu has already done an excellent job of it. I notice that, due to a typo, I failed to own up to the preposterousness of my professional life, and instead declared myself in favor of posters.

Ah well, with posters like y’all to enrich my working day, it’s no wonder… :slight_smile:

**
Well, let’s look at the situation overall. In 2000,

**Cite
There is a similar trend in American professional schools. Women now outnumber men in law schools even though the accounted for less than 5% of enrollment in 1970.

** Cite

By the early 1990s, women made up about 40% of entering medical and law students and about 35% of MBA and dentistry students. This has translated into more female doctors and lawyers. By 1999, 27% of all physicians and 29% of all lawyers and judges were women. Women’s gains have been a steady trend since 1970 and there is no reason to think this trend will reverse before reaching parity. Indeed, in some areas, women have already surpassed men.

So, while I don’t know what’s going on in Santa Cruz, in America’s courtrooms, hospitals and universities, the revolution has indeed been a great success.

**
I admit that I’m not an expert on sexism in the movie industry, however, I’m not too surprised since everyone knows what a group of reactionary conservatives Hollywood is. Nonetheless, as women step into more and more positions of authority in society, I would be surprised if Hollywood didn’t change along with it.

**
Perhaps they are seeking to explore the objectification of women in a phallocentric society. :stuck_out_tongue:

** even sven we are talking about the availability of female role models. Doesn’t the fact that you, the daughter of a welfare mother, are firmly convinced that you can do what you want to do and be what you want to be suggest that there have been enormous changes in how society views women and how women view themselves?

As for the “pretty normal women” who has trouble being taken seriously, that, too, is undergoing inexorable change. Indeed, I’d submit that, compared to circa 1950, it’s no longer that much of a problem. When children grow up viewing women in positions of authority as normal, they tend to think of women in positions of authority as, well, normal.

** This is all very commendable and, of course, has nothing whatsoever to do with the scholarly output of women’s studies programs. (You also left out the smiley!) My comment was in response to a challenge to identify some social benefit for the study of medieval poetry. The study of medieval poetry (by someone else!) has indeed specifically enhanced my life. Marxist feminism, so far as I know, has not.

**There certainly have been scientific hoaxes, usually caused by someone outright lying about results or discoveries. There are three key differences, however. First, these have usually been discovered by other scientists seeking to examine or replicate what the first scientist claimed to have done. Second, much of the scientific tradition has evolved to ensure that such hoaxes do not occur. When they do occur, they usually cause a good deal of soul searching in the scientific community. Third, this wasn’t really a “hoax” in the classic sense that it was designed to get people to believe something that wasn’t true. It was simply nonsense and should have been flagged as such by any critical reader.

** Quite. Some cultural studies academics deny there is any such thing.

** This is fine, as far as it goes. I’m always pleased to discover something new and interesting even if it is old. I’m looking forward to getting ahold of some of the reccomendations Mandelstam and Kimstu have made that I wasn’t aware of. Where I have a problem is where this becomes a political act. If I think something is “good,” I don’t care if a women wrote it or not. There is, however, a strain of thought that turns this proposition around and says that a piece of literature can be “good” because a women wrote it.

There is, sometimes, a fine line between art and propaganda. It is one thing to make people think about what they like, it is another to try and convince them that they like the wrong things. IMO, this is one of the problems with academic feminism today. Many young women are uninterested in feminism precisely because many feminists are uninterested in what modern women really think. Rather, for whatever reason, many academic feminists have a specific vision of society they want to push.

Truth Seeker, a lot of your response to even sven can be seen as as non-debate since no one has taken the position that women’s opportunities in the US haven’t improved over the last century, and particularly since the 1960s. For simplicity’s sake, she sees the glass of sexual equality as half empty and you see it as half full. The real debate, however, is one whose complexities you simply wish to avoid. You insist that because the glass is half full (you might even say 3/4 full, or 7/8 full) that people can just sit back and wait for further progress to take its course. I’ve suggested to you that, historically, change doesn’t happen without some kind of concerted effort. sven has suggested that in popular culture–filmmaking in this instance–the glass is mainly empty.

Here are the points of debate and yet here your arguments here are at their most weak. Your argument about the inevitability of further progress–made in reply to me–was that progress for women (though not for racial minorities) is guaranteed because of the biological necessity of conjugal relations between men and women. I’ve already suggested how implausible this argument is; but you might also want to take a look at a very classic feminist text, written in 1975: Gail Rubin’s “The Traffic in Women” which is available in a volume called Towards an Anthropology of Women.

Your counter-argument to sven is really a non-argument: “I admit that I’m not an expert on sexism in the movie industry, however, I’m not too surprised since everyone knows what a group of reactionary conservatives Hollywood is. Nonetheless, as women step into more and more positions of authority in society, I would be surprised if Hollywood didn’t change along with it.”

Would you accept this as an informed argument about some question of physical science?

Consider some of the complexities you overlook as you make the case for the inevitablity of an ever fuller glass.

You assume that women’s being poised to become the majority of doctors in the forseeable future shows how they are stepping “more and more” into “positions of authority.” But what you don’t take into account is that men’s decreasing enrollment in medical school is not in the least incidental. Doctors are now very much at the behest of HMOs and the long, expensive struggle through medical school is no longer seen as a ticket to a high-paidly and highly autonomous professional position.

Socially and economically disadvantaged people including some women and some minorities may still see med school as a sure way to step up the ladder. But the existing elite–especially those middle-class males who have grown up at or near the top of the ladder and who want to stay there–will increasingly shun medical school unless they actively choose medicine in spite of the social and economic sacrifice. (Interestingly, in the former Soviet Union about 75% of doctors were women; it was also not a very prestigious role in comparison, say, to engineers.)

There are similar complexities regarding women in law schools. Our society tends to generate more lawyers than it needs. What happens to men and women after law school? Who does and doesn’t land jobs at top law firms or make partner there; who ends up at the top in legal academia? If hostility towards affirmative action continues, what impact will that have on the number of female appointments to the judicial bench?

These are questions that you–despite your pretense for truth-seeking–are prepared to disregard as you dogmatically maintain that the glass is 1/2 full (or more than half full) and that, therefore, female authoritativeness has become a self-acting mechanism. Once again, what proof do you have that existing levels of female authority won’t simply stagnate or even regress?

Some other points. Above you say that “some” cultural studies scholars deny that there’s anything such as truth. This is a misunderstanding of the typical postmodernist position. The argument is that truth is a social construct the validity of which depends on particular social conditions that might, perhaps, change. What is important to grasp about this argument is this: Truth with a capital “T”–truth as an absolute–is something that is ultimately non-defensible without recourse to some kind of religious or other transcendentalist argument. Rather what we have is Truth demoted to truth or even to truths. And the goal of philosophy and critical inquiry therefore becomes to explore the grounding and application of truths.

This can be a salutary thing. In a society of informed, empowered citizens, the understanding of “truths” in all their complexity is much more democratic than an authoritarian insistence on “Truth.”

Can the postmodernist critique of Truth go too far? Actually the 1999 exchange I mentioned between the two feminist political philosophers is partly about that very issue. An excerpt: “Perhaps no other dogma of cultural studies has raised more controversy and acrimony than the radical perspectivism which says that all claims to disciplinary and political objectivity are at best deluded, and at worst dishonest.”. The author goes on to explain what she thinks is most and least useful in the postmodernist philosophical perspective.

This, once again, derives from that world of sham ideas and preposterism that you’re so ready to dismiss despite your limited personal knowledge.

“There is, however, a strain of thought that…says that a piece of literature can be “good” because a women wrote it.”

Please provide a citation from any feminist academic who has made this (patently foolish) argument.

Many young women are uninterested in feminism precisley because many feminists are uninterested in what modern women really think. Rather, for whatever reason, many academic feminists have a specific vision of society they want to push."

This is a rather illogical statement. Let us assume, for the purposes of argument, that the last statement is true: Professor Feminist has a specific vision of society–call it broad-based equality and mutual recognition between men and women of all races and classes–that she wants to push. Where does it follow that she is “uninterested” in what “modern women really think”? If she is a sociologist her research may well be devoted to exploring that very question.

Speaking purely for myself, as someone who doesn’t do sociological research, I’m pretty certain that what most of my young students–male and female–are thinking is this: I want to be happy; I want my friends to like me; I want to be emotionally, sexually, economically, academically successful; I want people to respect me.

They may also be thinking, I want to be a decent human being.

Insofar as I have a “vision of society” my goal is simply to teach students, as best I can, about the world as it is and–because of what I happen to teach–about how things that happened and were written hundreds of years ago relate to the world today. As someone with some fairly entrenched allegiances to liberal philosophical values, I hope that what I teach my students will help them to be happier by giving them some critical distance from what’s out there; more autonomy in other words. By and large, the majority of students–a certain percentage of whom are taking the course only to fill a requirement–are content or very content with me and the course. (I know this thanks to teaching evaluations.) Some of them, including men, think of me as someone they can talk to about their future, their thoughts on life, their family issues, etc.

This makes my life feel very worthwhile.

What do you know to the contrary, my truth-seeking friend?

I read and thoughtfully consider your arguments and provide coherent responses. However, because I do not instantly agree with your position, I am “dogmatic” and “polemical” and have only a “pretense” of truth seeking. Right.

I reply to even sven with relevant data demonstrating that, despite her personal experience, there has indeed been an almost unbelievable change in the status of women (of which more later) in the last thirty years. You reply to a thoughtful essay which directly discusses problems the author perceives in feminist scholarship with “It says nothing to me about my life.” Yet I engage in “non-debate.” Indeed.
There are many points I’d like to respond to. However, as I have only limited time to post here, I’ll have to do it piecemeal. I’ll also try to break my responses on different points up into separate posts. I particularly want to respond to your questions as to why I believe sexism is easier to vanquish than racism as your understanding of my reasoning is inaccurate.

** Sorry for the lengthy quote. However, I don’t want to take anything out of context.

First, for those who aren’t completely familiar with the term, here is a brief explanation of
Radical Perspectivism in Science

I understand the postmodernist position all too well. Indeed, I fail to see how my passing comment is at all at odds with the synopsis you provide.

The observation that culture is a human invention is hardly unique to feminists. The concept of “feminist physics” is.

There is, of course, no such thing. The idea that truth depends on your perspective and “that all claims to disciplinary and political objectivity are at best deluded, and at worst dishonest” [emphasis mine] is ridiculous and based on only the haziest idea of what science is actually about. (You could also argue that this is untrue in other non-science areas but I won’t since that would be yet another hijack.) Suffice to say that some things in the intellectual world are cultural creations, others are not.

It is, however, an extremely handy idea if you want to create bad scholarship that can’t be tested by your peers. “I think your thesis is laughable but, you know, that’s just my perspective. Your vision of truth is just as valid as mine so I can’t really criticize.” Rather than say the emperor has no clothes, we simply say that the emperor has a different – though equally valid – fashion sense.

Look at the discussion you reference. The author “goes on to explain what she thinks is most and least useful in the postmodernist philosophical perspective.” Why doesn’t she simply say what she believes is “correct” and what she believes is “wrong?” Some ideas are not “less useful,” they are simply useless.

Following up on Truth Seeker’s post, consider the quote

The writer fails to distinguish between “some” and “all.” It’s reasonable to state that “some claims of objectivity are deluded.” However, it’s ridiculous (and unproved) to say that “all” such claims are deluded. I have read that this particular error is common is post-modern reasoning. They seem to let writers simply make assertions that, “All so-and-so…”, based on a few examples, where the assertion is true or appears to be true.

Hempel’s Paradox

This is reminiscent of Hempel’s Paradox of the Ravens: A scientist wants to test the proposition that “All ravens are black.” One way is to look for ravens and check to see if they’re black.

However, that statement is logically equivalent to “All non-black things are non-ravens.” One can check this without leaving one’s room! Just look around for non-black objects and verify that they’re not ravens. Obviously, this is wrong, but, why?

Misunderstanding Kuhn

Truth Seeker’s interesting cite shows a misunderstanding of science and a misunderstanding of Thomas Kuhn. To say that Einsteinian physics is more accurate than Newtonian physics in certain situations is not to say that Newtonian physics is wrong. And, it certainly doesn’t imply that any old crackpot theory is just as good as Newton.

I addressed this point earlier. One doesn’t need detailed knowledge of every preposterous theory, from creation science to astrology, to dismiss them. The burden of proof should be on the theory to prove itself.

Limits on Time Require Us to Make Choices

Furthermore, time and attention are limited. It’s important to dismiss outrageous ideas out of hand, so that one has time left to do serious thought.

**Truth Seeker **: "I reply to even sven with relevant data demonstrating that, despite her personal experience, there has indeed been an almost unbelievable change in the status of women (of which more later) in the last thirty years. "

Truth Seeker, I can’t say it any more clearly than I believe I already have but I will try one more time.

No one is debating you on the change in the status of women. I’m even content for you to describe them as “almost unbelievable”–highly subjective as that term obviously is. People are objecting to your two related assumptions–and yes, they do seem to qualify as “dogmatic” assumptions-- 1) that past gains assure future gains and 2) and that past gains thereby obviate the need for a vigilant and activist feminism (among other social justice movements).

“You reply to a thoughtful essay which directly discusses problems the author perceives in feminist scholarship with “It says nothing to me about my life.” Yet I engage in “non-debate.” Indeed.”

As I thought my replies had made clear, I didn’t find the essay in the least thoughtful. Its principal claim–that scholarship is driven by cynical and unabashed careerism rather than a sincere interest in knowledge–is not validated by my years of experience as a feminist academic. Another of its claims, that feminist scholarship is, by and large, sham and preposterism, I hold to be patently false. Is there anything else in this article that you think needs addressing?

“There is, of course, no such thing [as “feminist physics”]”.

Well I’m not in any position to dispute you on that matter since I’ve never heard of feminist physics. Rather than attempt to debate the merits of something I didn’t even know existed let me–for the purposes of argument–fully concede your position. That is, I concede to you (for the purposes of argument) that feminist physics is valueless and nonsenical. How exactly does that impugn any and every other kind of feminist scholarship, some specific examples of which, in all its great variety, I’ve described in this thread?

"The idea that truth depends on your perspective and “that all claims to disciplinary and political objectivity are at best deluded, and at worst dishonest” [emphasis mine] is ridiculous and based on only the haziest idea of what science is actually about. (You could also argue that this is untrue in other non-science areas but I won’t since that would be yet another hijack.) "

As I made clear, the author of that statement is a feminist political philosopher. She is now, I think, a professor of Government at Harvard but, at one time in her career, affiliated with a women studies department. As a political philosopher, she is most certainly not interested in science studies so I think we can safely conclude that her critique of radical perspectivism was not directed there. Rather, she’s interested precisely in those “other non-science areas”–not a hijack at all, actually, since this thread has never been about science studies (a topic that came up via your invocation of the Sokal flub).

Once again, if you’d like to read that article, I’d be happy to provide you with bibliographic information beyond what I’ve already mentioned.

“Suffice to say that some things in the intellectual world are cultural creations, others are not.”

I agree. But I’d add that historians of science–the great majority of whom are not self-identified feminists–have long studied science, and without necessarily availing themselves of any postmodernist arguments.

There is a difference between insisting that certain facts about the physical world can be positively asserted, and between saying that science–as it is practiced now and has been in the past–cannot be the object of philosophical, humanistic, or social-scientific inquiry (feminist or otherwise).

Mesmerism and Lamarckian evolutionary theory once claimed the authority of “science” but no longer can. Sokal himself recognized (in the excerpt posted by Kimstu) that science studies can play a useful purpose. (I imagine that Kimstu, if she’s still reading, is much more expert on this subject than I am.)

“It is, however, an extremely handy idea if you want to create bad scholarship that can’t be tested by your peers. “I think your thesis is laughable but, you know, that’s just my perspective. Your vision of truth is just as valid as mine so I can’t really criticize.” Rather than say the emperor has no clothes, we simply say that the emperor has a different – though equally valid – fashion sense.”

Fortunately, it doesn’t actually work that way. Simply because truths become arguable doesn’t mean that people don’t vigorously, and sincerely, argue the merits of their vision. Naturally, if the subject concerns physical reality–the blueness of the sky, for example–there isn’t much to argue about. But when the topic is more complicated or open-ended–e.g., the foundations of sexual difference, or the meaning of “justice,” or the best route to a functioning democracy–there is a great deal to argue about, and this is true with or without a postmodernist critique.

One of my favorite historians of science, btw, is Thomas Laqueur, who has written on the history of reproductive science and on sexuality from a decidedly feminist perspective. Cites available if you wish them.

"Look at the discussion you reference. The author “goes on to explain what she thinks is most and least useful in the postmodernist philosophical perspective.” Why doesn’t she simply say what she believes is “correct” and what she believes is “wrong?”

Well, I’m the one who chose that phrasing. If you read the article in question you’d find several places where a particular argument is thoroughly rejected and another one held as superior. But, again, the topic is liberal political theory, not, say, photosynthesis–so there is enormous space for debate.

More important, don’t you feel a bit foolish, criticizing an article on political philosophy that you haven’t even read? As you yourself point out, the passage I cited is very close to some of your own views. Yet now–without knowing so much as the title of the article!–you’re ready to find fault.

" Some ideas are not “less useful,” they are simply useless."

Who doubts it? But how can you possibly assume that an article you never read, whose title and subject you don’t know, but which articulates a premise close to your own feelings, goes on to embrace the “simply useless.”

This is the kind of substanceless reaction that has led me to question your claim of truth-seeking.

You’ve said very little about yourself Truth-Seeker. Are you a scientist? The ex-husband of a feminist academic? :wink:

As to your link to a professor’s webpage on science, given above. I’m not sure what you want me to glean here. The man doesn’t seem to be a feminist and I do not know his work at all. What’s the relevance here to a debate on the merits of academic feminism?

december, you seem to have missed the fact that the writer of posted excerpt is criticzing what she’s calling “radical perspectivism”–not expounding it.

I’ve just read the first page of this thread. I haven’t read the following two yet. Can somebody tell me if anybody actually defines what “Feminist academic tools” are?

If it’s yes, I’ll go back and read. If it’s no, could somebody define or list these things.

I was under the impression that a “Feminist Academic Tool” was a guy who registered late, and is forced to take a Women’s Studies course to fulfill his humanities requirement.

I’m not sure who you are refering to by “the writer of the posted excerpt.” As I read Alexander Makedon, s/he’s not criticizing radical perspectivism, although I may be wrong.

Whether or not Makedon is criticizing that theory, my point stands. Proving “some,” but claiming “all” is a frequent source of confusion in post-modernist thinking. Even if Makedon isn’t approving of that practice, s/he’s too tolerant of it.

—2) and that past gains thereby obviate the need for a vigilant and activist feminism (among other social justice movements).—

I think Orlando Patternson’s writings on African-American Civil Rights Struggles here is particularly of relevance. His work “The Ordeal of Integration” is a good read on how both sides of an issue can be wildly off-base (in this case, neither side even seems to have a good grasp of what ratio of African-Americans in the population even is, and as such has little basis for saying that affirmative action has “gone too far” or “not far enough.”), and how an activist movements goals need to change as the struggle progresses and enters uncertain areas.

Personally, I think that in movements to change society, it is undeniable that there comes a point where the pressures of activists do more harm than good, because they’ve long since hit diminishing returns for their efforts (exhausted most of the natural avenues of board support, won most of the winnable points), and they spend most of their time either preaching to a choir, which leads to extreme and irresponsible rhetoric, or publically combatting totally intractable opponents in exchanges that are more symbolic than anything else, which is a huge waste of effort.

I think it is notable that, in the case of feminism, the rhetoric and social critique have gotten more and more extreme over time instead of less. The question is: why? It could indeed be that feminist scholarship has stretched plausibility in a search for more things to do. Or it could be that they really are on to something. We can’t really tell without examining some actual work.

Can we discuss some now?
I think, first of all, that it’s going to be hard to have a discussion on all of feminist scholarship at once. Certainly there are some hacks: but that’s true of any field. I think the more important question is: do hacks get weeded out, or celebrated? And why?

I’d particularly like to discuss Carol Gilligan (at Harvard), whose work at Harvard is widely influential in feminist circles (it’s reffered to constantly in papers talking about how women are socialized), but is considered (I think rightly, having delved into it) to be sloppy and baseless by academia in general. How does something like this happen? I am ready to defend the claim that her work is a terrible embarrasment for scholarship: that she is indeed a hack. However, because her work speaks to what many feminist critics believe must be true, she is celebrated.

My main criticisms of her work lie in her very expansive conclusions about girls in general taken from tiny samples, with measurements that are almost wholly subjective, kids thrown out of studies for no percievable reason, and considerable amounts of hidden data, as well as totally inadequate documentation on her methods. What she releases of her work is almost entirely anedotal: they are “the girl’s stories” involving a narrative as told by and interpreted and commented upon by her (and her various partners), with variously interspersed quotes. No substantial defense of her hypothesises is ever given against various threats to internal or external validity, despite several very compelling ones (her early conclusions were based only on studying girls, with absolutely no control whatsoever, not even shadow controls, for the effects of adolesence in general. In fact, when she did bother to study boys, she found the same sorts of things she did in girls (problems with self-esteem, etc.), but instead of seeing this as a threat to the causal link in her earlier conclusions, claimed instead that this was proof that her earlier conclusions that girls were specially silenced by sexist social conspiracy, were SO powerful as to spill over onto boys as well.

Maybe her claimed conclusions were true, maybe not, but nothing in her released work supported that conclusion.

And yet Gilligan, largely on the backs of a very pushy movement to get her results legitimated, is huge. You can even find reference to her work in mainline psychology textbooks, claiming that girls reason differently, and approach moral problems differently, despite the fact that she has been shot down time and time again by other researchers and reviewers. But references to her work in feminist papers are legion, and almost all laudatory.

So: what’s going on here?

december, the writer of the excerpt wasn’t Alexander Makedon: it was the feminist political philosopher whose article I quoted.

As to “frequent” confusion in post-modernist thinking: what examples do you have on which to ground this claim? So far we’ve established that you’ve read no feminist scholarship, postmodern other otherwise. Have you been reading any non-feminist postmodernist publications? If so which ones?

Scylla: " I was under the impression that a “Feminist Academic Tool” was a guy who registered late, and is forced to take a Women’s Studies course to fulfill his humanities requirement."

Nah–I call that guy my favorite kind of student ;).

Apos: "Personally, I think that in movements to change society, it is undeniable that there comes a point where the pressures of activists do more harm than good, because they’ve long since hit diminishing returns for their efforts…"

That may be so Apos, but I must point out two things. First, it can’t but be a matter of some debate where than point lay. I’m sure that even sven feels that in the area of filmmaking, sexual equality hasn’t gone far enough. I’m sure that anyone who knows and cares about the Third World knows that the work of sexual equality has, in many areas, hardly begun. I’m sure that anyone who cares about reproductive rights knows that they are at threat. I’m sure that many people feel that the fact that US women earn, on average, 75cents for every dollar earned by their male counterparts is something that can be usefully addressed through politics.

Second, feminist scholarship is not in the least reducible to the feminist movement or to political activism. As a result one can’t make judgments on the quality of the former based on the perceived need for the latter. As I’ve said several times, in my area (history and more broadly the humanities) most self-styled “feminists” are doing work on gender studies: concerning men’s lives as well as women in areas too numerous to list. This schoalrship is not–as I’ve said again and again–down to some predictable claim for equality, or an end to abuse, or sexism, or what have you.

“I think it is notable that, in the case of feminism, the rhetoric and social critique have gotten more and more extreme over time instead of less.”

Who precisely do you mean? Is Gilligan an example of this alleged extremism?

I would add in my own field, by and large, the rhetoric and social critique have not gotten more “extreme” over the last ten years (though I’m not entirely certain what is meant by “extreme”).

“Can we discuss some now?”

That would be very helpful, actually.

Okay, Gilligan. Good example of how diverse is the category of “feminist academia” since Gilligan, established and respected though she is, is someone who I’ve never had any occasion to read. The reason is that she is a psychologist and I don’t often read psycholgists.

“[Gilligan’s work]…is widely influential in feminist circles (it’s reffered to constantly in papers talking about how women are socialized), but is considered (I think rightly, having delved into it) to be sloppy and baseless by academia in general.”

In what sense is the work considered “sloppy and baseless by academia in general.” Who is “academia in general” in this characterization?

"You can even find reference to her work in mainline psychology textbooks, claiming that girls reason differently, and approach moral problems differently, despite the fact that she has been shot down time and time again by other researchers and reviewers. But references to her work in feminist papers are legion, and almost all laudatory."

Actually, I find it hard to believe that there’s no criticism of this position from within feminist circles–though perhaps outside of psychology only. The reason I say that is that many feminists–myself included–dispute that kind of thinking (girls reason differently, etc.), at least when its attributed to genetic or other biological causes. None of the feminist scholars I’ve mentioned so far would accept that kind of assumption about sexual difference. The Venus/Mars thing doesn’t tend to go down well in my neck of the feminist woods :wink:

Let me add an addendum to my last which didn’t come out quite the way I meant it. Since I’ve never read any of Gilligan’s works, I don’t know that she does ground such claims on biological foundations. If she does, then I’d expect much disagreement from a certain feminist position; otherwise, perhaps not. Also I’m not actually sure that Gilligan is a psycholgist; that’s part vague impression; part inference from Apos’s post. Is there a good link on CG, Apos?

Now I understand. We were referring to different things. Your excerpt quoted a feminist who disagreed with radical perspectivism. I was alluding to a cite from Truth Seeker which supported radical perspectivism.

Both references indicate that radical perspectivism has a degree of support. So, this is an example of a philosphy that confuses truth in some cases with universal truth.

Going back to what you quoted,

It’s an indictment of feminism that this goofy idea is taken seriously enough to even raise controversy and acrimony. This thread (Fucking braindead historically vacuous Americans!!!) shows an incorrect CNN map with the Czech Republic labeled as Switzerland. Imagine taking seriously a philosophy that says it might be OK to locate Switzerland to the west of Germany, depending on one’s philosophical assumptions.

Another point from this map. The time that students spend time in post-modernist stuff could have been better spent learning real stuff, like where the European countries are located.

"Imagine taking seriously a philosophy that says it might be OK to locate Switzerland to the west of Germany, depending on one’s philosophical assumptions. "

As I know of no such philosophy I can’t imagine it. What postmodernist philosopher has argued it’s okay to locate Switzerland to the west of Germany?

Alexander Makedon. See above cite.

Can’t find any mention of postmodernism whatever. Please explain further.