Woke as a term is 100 years old in the black community. This very long Vox article by Aja Romero has the best history of wokeness in culture. Even long articles can’t be complete and she leaves out perhaps my favorite usage, by Barry Beckham in his 1971 Garvey Lives!.
“I been sleeping all my life. And now that Mr Garvey done woke me up, I’m gon’ stay woke. And I’m gon’ help him wake up other black folk.”
(Romano: “In 1923, a collection of aphorisms and ideas by the Jamaican philosopher and social activist Marcus Garvey included the summons “Wake up Ethiopia! Wake up Africa!” as a call to global Black citizens to become more socially and politically conscious.”)
That sums it for me. A definition needs both parts. Woke is the awareness of the systemic injustices that have historically plagued us and the willingness to fight legally to change the system and the culture. You’re not woke if you just say the right things; you have to go out and work to make a difference because doing nothing is no longer an option.
This makes it clear why wokeness is so threatening. The right absolutely depends on the ignorance of their base and the denial of actions they take. An organized opposition demanding that they be taken down from their pinnacles of power is their worst nightmare, especially when it comes from people they despise as less than human.
White supremacy is naturally a target of wokeness, but historically woke and white were not simple antagonists. Child labor laws were considered woke. Women’s suffrage was considered woke. Social Security was considered woke. Banning factories from polluting the air and water was considered woke, though that exact term wasn’t used in any.
Modern wokeness is a descendant of the clash between the progressive movements and the conservative interests. (Today’s progressive wing of the Democrats are also descendants of that earlier movement, but not identical to it.) The women’s movement, the gay movement, the Asian movement, the Muslim movement, the trans movement, and all the other social, cultural, class, religious, color, and belief movements are mixed in to a far greater extent than a century ago. Almost all of the early 20th battles were won by the progressives, although most took decades and needed further tweaking and reinforcing. Today they are all core American principles, fought only by a few beyond-the-pale extremists. I see the modern battles being won the same slow two-steps-forward, one-step-back frustrating way. A generation or two on, children growing up will not understand why their schoolbooks include fights about the obvious.
For those who ride on the top of oppression, repression, and suppression (called scum when water is involved), simple human decency, equality of all, and the fairness of the justice system is existentially threatening. As it should be. They’re fighting their hardest now because they are backed in a corner and can see the end coming. It is. The light at the end of the tunnel is the train speeding their way.