Random thought that flashed through my tiny brain: Did they ever follow up on Lt. Bailey and Balok? The episode leaves us with Bailey as an emissary to what appears to be a very powerful race. Was there ever any novel or such that dealt with this?
Bailey did such a good job with Balok that the Federation then assigned him to Ceti Alpha V to be the official liaison with Khan’s exiles.
Things got weird…
Some apparently think that was when Earth joined the UFP. It wasn’t. The First Federation and the United Federation of Planets are two separate entities.
There are also people who think T’Pol is a younger version of T’Pau. She isn’t. They’re two different Vulcans.
There are some serious 70s vibes coming from that picture.
Belok not only lost his hair as he got older; he also shrank a lot! 
Why would they? The episode is self-contained and Star Trek was about exploring new worlds, not revisiting old ones.
That’s what the novels were for. It seems like such an easy setting for a crank-it-out novel I’m surprised nobody has done it yet. Besides, all we saw was a glimpse of 1 First Federation ship. What else is there to learn about them? Only everything. Or do a streaming series that combines Star Trek OG and elements of Farscape.
Or one is an 80’s pop band.
That question actually came up once during a trivia quiz. I was the only player who could answer it.
I THOUGHT they showed up to help in the novel Vendetta but apparently not…maybe its a video game they show up in briefly?
Hehehe, I honestly would have only known the 80s band without your post to connect it to ST. 
For being as powerful as they appeared, the First Federation sort of was a big nothing. Might have been helpful with the borg, or the Dominion.
Part of me wonders if Balok and the Fesarius was the entirety of the First Federation. Seems like something he would do.
The “Corbomite Device” was also used to bluff Romulans in the second season episode “The Deadly Years”.
The Wiki Memory Beta is a good source for information about Star Trek novels, comics and games. All the non-canon, non-TV/movie stuff.
It seems that there was a single short story where Balok and Bailey met Janeway and the Voyager. That’s the only reference for Balok they know about.
A few other novels feature Bailey.
Follow-up missions appear to be the bailiwick of California-class ships such as the Cerritos of “Star Trek: Lower Decks.”
The big problem with The Corbomite Manuver is it’s really early in the original series’ run. IIRC, this is the first time anyone says “Federation” in the show, and it’s referring to an alien civilization. They were still trying to figure out what the galaxy looked like, throwing stuff at the wall and seeing what stuck. It aired before Romulans, before Klingons, before a whole lot of stuff that became standard for Star Trek as time went on.
The whole episode is just about what James Kirk, and by extension humanity in general, would do when encountering a vastly more powerful opponent. In this case, the answer is “Bluff, then struggle, then find out the opponent is actually pretty friendly for some reason.” but then the most important part is that we’d want to befriend them and exchange our cultures. If there’s anything that carries on from this episode to the rest of Star Trek, it’s that humanity will do what it needs to in order to survive, but our ultimate goal isn’t survival, it’s exploring and learning and making connections with the wider universe.
My favorite dialogue from the episode:
KIRK: What’s its mass, Mister Spock?
SPOCK: Reading goes off my scale, Captain. Must be a mile in diameter.
Really Mr. Spock? You can’t measure the mass of something over a mile in diameter?
It was made of very dense material… 
The best exchange was actually
SPOCK: I regret not having learned more about this Balok. In some manner he was reminiscent of my father.
SCOTT: Then may heaven have helped your mother.
And the follow-up
SPOCK: Quite the contrary. She considered herself a very fortunate Earth woman.
They must have really been desperate for an ending to that episode. They probably decided to recycle the material at one in the morning the day they absolutely, positively had to get the film in the can.