DNA testing of archaeological specimens

Not sure if this belongs in MPSIMS or IMHO. The subject is too fuzzy for FQ.

Recently, YouTube has been offering me videos with titles like “DNA analysis reveals the shocking origins of X.”

X might be a historical figure (Richard III, Ramses II)
a dynasty (the Tudors, one of the Egyptian or Chinese dynasties)
an ethnic group (Picts, Basques, Ainu)
a nation (Finns, Minoans).

These videos are often an hour long, but they usually get really boring at the two-minute mark. Also, I have a nagging suspicion that many of them are about as trustworthy as the “Extraterrestrials built the pyramids” videos.

Has anyone read any respectable scientific literature on the subject?

Has DNA testing produced any paradigm-shattering revelations?
Has it produced any mildly interesting surprises?

I don’t have answers, but the Wikipedia article on Ancient DNA was interesting enough, and has a short (and vague) section on results.

Has anyone read the books Who We Are and How We Got Here (2019) or The Trouble With Ancient DNA (2025)?

There’s also a 2024 PBS/NOVA documentary called Hunt for the Oldest DNA.

I’ve been recently started watching Stefan Milo on YouTube. He does really good explanations on modern archeology (and some debunking of bs “popular” archeology). He is not specifically an expert on DNA but often touches on it. E.g…

There was this. Which was very surprising. Two bodies in an Anglo Saxon graveyard from 400s were actually West African

https://www.science.org/content/article/youths-buried-anglo-saxon-cemeteries-carried-west-african-dna

Often these kind of archeology articles, as reported in the popular press, have an element of strawman (e.g. some archeology discovery in Denmark has “shocked” the archeology world by showing the vikings were not just raiders who raped and pillaged and did nothing else. But no one thinks that about the vikings). But this is not that. It’s actually surprising.