If this is more appropriate for another forum please move. But since it’s a question with a probably general answer I put it here.
I pretty much asked the whole question in the title.
Yes. For medical imaging, photography, and the like. They’re a bit pricy though. And must need a bitch of a graphics card.
ETA: Only the second is actually a company website you can order from, the rest are news stories.
I’m not sure what the “24/” part means, are you asking if there is a 24" monitor with a resolution higher than 1920x1200? I haven’t come across one myself, but 30" monitors are usually 2560x1600 (example).
1920x1200 is the limit of the standard DVI and HDMI interfaces, and I think that’s why it’s rare to see higher resolutions. But most high-end video cards support Dual-link DVI, which does support 2560x1600.
Oh yeah, I kind of glazed over the “24.” My first link was something stupidly big, like 56 in., but with a 3,840x2,160 resolution. The second was 30 in. with 2560x1600. The last was a story about a 22-inch monitor with 3,840 x 2,400 resolution, but it costs as much as a car.
And 1920 x 1080 is US HDTV resolution, so panels around that resolution are common. I just bought a 22-inch 1920 x 1200 display for $189 Canadian. 
I have a 30" LCD monitor, native rez is 2560x1600. You can get these from (among others) Dell.
You could always try a dual monitor setup…
Downside is, you have to deal with monitor edges in the middle of your pretty desktop.
Upside is you can maximize windows on both monitors. That’s spiffy.
Yeah, I have dual monitors at home and could never g back to one.
Or do both. I have one 2560x1600 monitor and one 1600x1200 monitor, in a dual-monitor setup. After that my boss had to one-up me; he now has two 2560x1600 monitors on his desk.
In 2001, IBM unveiled a 22" monitor with a resolution of 3840x2400. (In fact, the specs are a lot like the 2007 Toshiba monitor otorophile linked to. ViewSonic seems to have produced one as well. I wonder if the image quality’s improved in the meantime. Interestingly, the IBM monitor only cost $9k when it came out, while the Toshiba costs $17k.)
These things sometimes appear on Ebay. Here’s one that went for merely $1000. And another is up for auction as we speak.
I believe that these monitors never proved successful because of Windows XP’s poor handling of very high DPIs. (The letters are at first too large, then when DPI is increased by too much the programs that weren’t designed for it break.) DVI, actually, can sort of support these resolutions just fine (especially if you’re not so concerned about refresh rate).