Now might be a good time to take a pause and talk about what this thread is really all about. But first, a history lesson.
In the early years of science, the class wars raged in Europe, and particularly Britain. The aristocracy loathed the commoners, and the feelings were reciprocated.
The manifestations of these were constant social conflict between the alliance of the aristocracy and the church one side, and the commoners on the other. The commoners were burning to be freed from both the aristocracy and the church.
At the same time, the study of science was considered the purview of the aristocracy and the church. Participation in science was valued as a sign of social status and carried high prestige value. The thought of a commoner participating in science was anathema, and was seen as an attack on the privileges of the upper classes.
Despite this, some commoners did manage to gain employment as assistants to gentlemen scientists; however, they were vilified by “high society”, and treated abominably for their temerity in encroaching on upper class privileges. Ironically, some of the best brains in science during this period were commoner assistants.
During these class wars, Isaac Newton’s works became known and set the groundwork for the popularization of the philosophy of determinism, particularly amongst commoners. While the philosophy could trace its roots back to the ancient Greeks, its popularity surged with Isaac Newton’s work in deterministic physics. His work represented an objective and indisputable shot at the authority of the church.
In parallel with this, the industrial revolution created a demand for scientists. The practicalities of industry required the input of large volumes of scientific knowledge; but while science was limited to the traditional classes, demand could not be met. This opened the door to the influx of more commoners to science. But the class hatred continued, and commoner scientists were still vilified by “society”. As a result, commoner scientists were ripe for a way to distance themselves, and hit back at, the hated upper classes.
In 1859 Charles Darwin’s theory was published, and this opened the floodgates for science.
Adoption of Darwin’s theories, together with those of determinism, took the axe to the authority of the church and provided the commoners with the scientific and social basis to separate themselves from both the aristocracy and the church.
Socially, a professed belief of these theories marked a commoner as a man of learning and distinction, and definitely disassociated him from the hated ruling classes. Belief in these philosophies was worn as a badge of honor.
In other words, adoption of these theories was as much an act of social rebellion, as it was recognition of their scientific merits.
With the passage of time, it became a virtual prerequisite for anyone entering the sciences to profess a firm belief in materialist determinism, Darwinism and atheism. It was not long before these three items became the foundation philosophies of science.
After a generation or two, these philosophies morphed from foundation philosophies to become foundation doctrines.
Throughout the 20th Century, a social filtering process occurred which discouraged those that doubted these doctrines from entering science; therefore, the doctrines became self perpetuating.
Consequently, they are now taken as self evidently true, and are rarely questioned by people who wish to pursue science. When questions arise which challenge the doctrines, they are glibly dismissed by reference to the doctrine.
Rarely do contemporary scientists think about the fact that these doctrines were formulated in the late 19th century as part of a political rebellion, and that they have not been modified to accommodate current scientific knowledge. Nor do they recognize that there has been a filtering process which has ensured that scientists are predisposed to this particular belief system.
So how does this relate to the present discussion? (We can ignore religion and Darwinism.)
The doctrine of materialist determinism explicitly rejects the existence of any phenomenon unless it has been proven to occur as the consequence of known phenomena. Axiomatic to that is that a phenomenon does not exist if it cannot be explained in terms of known phenomena.
All of this applies to the current discussion.
The science shows that in the chemistry of biological systems A plus B produces C.
This is standard chemistry, is uncontroversial, and is not under dispute.
However, the reality is that in biological systems, there is an additional factor.
Ie: A plus B produces C in the presence of “life”; in biological systems, A plus B does not occur if “life” is absent. Also, in the laboratory we can react A and B to produce C, yet there is never any “life” resulting from the process.
So the controversy is: what is “life”, how does it enter the equation, and by what process does it affect A plus B?
In asking this question, the answers I have been getting are consistent with what would be expected under materialist determinism; Ie: “Since we cannot explain “life” or “consciousness” as functions of established knowledge, then they don’t or can’t exist as entities. However, we can see that A plus B produces C, and they usually occur in association with living things, so they must be just a natural consequence of A plus B.”
If we discard the 19th century doctrine of materialist determinism, then we can accept that there are some things that science has not yet uncovered. As scientists, we should not dismiss them because they do not fit within the current dogma. Most importantly, we should make an effort to formulate alternative explanations for observations, unconstrained by dogma.
So, what is required in this discussion is that the participants stand back and ask themselves whether they are repeating a dogma which was formulated as part of social rebellion in the late 19th century; or are they objectively looking at the scientific facts and interpreting them in the context of 21st century scientific knowledge, or lack thereof.
That is what science is all about.