The answers I could find on the web are split about 50% “we genuinely don’t know” and 50% “yes we do know”; only with the latter then equally split between “yes it does” and “no it doesn’t”. Superficially, if Hawking radiation is a generalization of Unruh radiation then any source of gravity should create it. However, while it’s easier to see for a black hole because externally at least a black hole is nothing BUT spacetime curvature, for a physical object the question has to be asked of where the energy for the radiation is coming from. For example a neutron star, at some point mass would have to be dissolved to supply the energy, and what mechanism would be doing that?
I think that, if it doesn’t involve an event horizon, then it would by definition not be Hawking radiation. You can get similar phenomena with other sorts of horizons, but I think you always need a horizon of some sort.
Perhaps quantum super-positioning could also do that perhaps with a chance entanglement with the environment but I don’t think it would be the same name.
That’s my layman’s take on it too - the event horizon is intrinsic to the Hawking radiation model.