Does the body react to a sudden increase in exercise the way it does to a sudden decrease in food?

From what I understand, several of the body’s systems go higgledy-piggledy when you crash diet. If someone quickly transitions from a long-term lack of cardiovascular exercise to a relatively demanding routine, do various systems (endocrine, hormonal, etc.) also react in counter-intuitive ways?[sup]*[/sup]

There are really two questions here. If sudden dieting kind of ‘tricks’ the body into thinking it’s facing a famine, does sudden exercise ‘trick’ the body into thinking it’s on the run? And second, though the number of ‘calories burned’ is an estimate at best, there is still a non-trival amount of calories burned per day. Is it possible that the net reduction could result in triggering the body’s ‘famine’ response?
[sup]*[/sup]By ‘relatively demanding routine’, I mean relative to zero; a basic, somewhat rigorous cardio workout 4 to 5 times per week that keeps the heart rate (approximately) between 40 and 50 percent of its theoretical maximum for 20 to 30 minutes, and then between 80 and 90 percent of its theoretical maximum for 40 to 50 minutes (as measured by a basic chest-strap Polar heart rate monitor). There’s 15 to 20 minutes of warm-up/cool-down in there too.

This assumes no physical injury (i.e. heart attack, pulled muscle, etc.), a two-week ramp-up, at least eight to ten months of continual exercise, and a very modest-to-minimal change in diet or other activities (I’m trying to narrow the question, so assume there’s no substantial addition of strength training).
ETA: oops, self-reported for forum change from GD to GQ~

Moved at the request of the OP. Enjoy.

Interesting theory. I have no idea. There are a lot of weight loss shows where people who are relative couch potatoes suddenly start engaging in 3-6 hours a day of physical activity. I don’t know if they experienced any kind of metabolic slowdown from that. Those people were running deficits of 3000-4000 calories a day (many lost a pound a day or more at the beginning of their efforts). On those shows lifestyle changes such as a 2000 calorie a day diet combined with several hours a day of activity results in a 3-4k a day deficit.

I am not sure what happens if you take someone who is a couch potato and tell them they can eat as much as they want, but they have to burn an additional 2000-3000 calories a day in activity.

Depends on the individual.

Some people will, without any conscious thought involved, decrease how much they move during the rest of the day (referred to as non-exercise thermogenesis). Some alternatively increase. Metabolic adaptations vary greatly also and also can vary in both directions.

Interestingly chronic exercise apparently helps reduce excess responses to food cues but acute higher level bouts go the other direction.