Well, your cite from Wikipedia says that the Babylonian word is possibly cognate with the Hebrew word. Which means no, the Hebrew word is not derived from the Babylonian word, but both are derived from a common ancestor or root.
The Hebrew word is considered to be derived from a word which means “rest”. If so, then cognate words in other languages could be similarly derived, and could apply to rest days fixed on an entirely different basis to the seven-day cycle which fixes the Hebrew sabbath.