Because Brown was the final case in a long line of cases brought by the NAACP proving that segregated schools had inadequate funding and resources. The point of Brown was to equalize resources and funding for all children, and the most convenient way of doing so was integrating schools. (Some of the court cases before Brown sought funding remedies rather than integrated schools.)
The scenarios in Seattle and Lexington are quite different. For all of the rhetoric of having a colorblind society, residential segregation is an enduring issue. White flight is real - the New Orleans public schools went from being virtually all White in the late 1960s to having virtually no White students by the 1980s. So neighborhood schools are not going to create school populations where White students and students of color will be represented in sizable numbers (the “critical mass” argument, where a sizable minority is preferable to token representation). Some of the most successful educational experiments have occurred in magnet schools, which specifically seek to bring diverse student populations together. Magnet schools are among some of the most effective schools in the nation, and they strive for as great a racial balance as possible.
Deseg plans such as Seattle’s and Louisville’s attempts to bring the magnet philosophy to a broader scope of schools. The reality is that schools are becoming resegregated, essentially reversing the gains of the 1960s and 1970s (Cite.) Another reality that we’ve probably all observed is that when choice plans are available, the parents with the greatest amount of social capital (typically reflected in education, income, and profession) get their kids into the best schools. Those with the least amount of social capital - their kids often end up at the least desirable schools.
This ruling essentially says that if a school ends up majority minority, or all White, there’s nothing a school district can do to increase racial diversity. All the research pointing to the benefits of schooling in diverse environments was basically ignored. Very disappointing.
If the ultimate goal is a colorblind society, we’re going to have be color-conscious for some time to make that a reality. I fear that schools where kids aren’t compelled to play, work, argue, and basically figure out how to get along with sizable populations of kids of different races, those kids are going to harbor stereotypical and inaccurate perceptions of different races.
My high school is a good example of this. The school was in the barrio of the city, but had a population of about 20% White, 20% Black, and 10% Asian. The other 50% were Latino. So while you did see a concentration of kids of color in the low tracked classes, you also had a number of kids of color in the AP and advanced classes. There were multiple Black kids, and Black males in particular in my honors classes, along with Latino and Asian kids. When I went to college in my honors program, I was usually the only Black person, period in my classes.
Today, that same school is a complete neighborhood school, which makes it about 75% Latino, 20% Black, and about 5% White and Asian. Most parents don’t bring great reserves of social capital, so there’s no-one who can help make things happen at the school beyond the obvious (and often ineffectual) efforts of going to the school board to complain. The school will probably be closed because of several years of declining test scores. Meanwhile the schools in more affluent neighborhoods are performing better than ever.
I’ll say this. Had I not had friends who were college track, and had parents who were pushing them in that direction, I doubt I would have ended up at a four-year, selective college in an honors program. I, and my parents, literally did not know the first thing about college besides “take the SAT.” I learned about the PSATs, prep courses, and scholarship applications from my peers and their parents. At my old high school, I was happy to see the board of kids going to college - but I noticed it was smaller than the board was when I was in school. And all of the kids were going to the big state schools, which is fine, but we always had some kids going to small liberal arts schools, simply because we were exposed to a lot of different types of schools.
Rambling a bit, but I hope this explains why this liberal is saddened by the SCOTUS’ decision, and I join Justice Stevens in mourning this setback to the spirit of Brown.