Where I currently live has Silver Springs by Fleetwood Mac:
I wrote “Silver Springs” about Lindsey. And we were in Maryland somewhere driving under a freeway sign that said Silver Springs (sic), Maryland. And I loved the name…Silver Springs sounded like a pretty fabulous place to me. And ‘You could be my silver springs’, that’s just a whole symbolic thing of what you could have been to me
The “S” added by poetic license (and/or Lindsey Buckingham being too wasted to read clearly 
)
Britain has a few.
London obviously:
Liverpool has had the odd song written about it:
Manchester has a lot of music inspired by it but probably Rusholm Ruffians by Morrissey is the most well known direct reference:
My hometown (well nearest town of note) Oxford has produced some pretty famous bands (Radiohead and Supergrass) but can’t think of any direct reference (its a bit posh to be celebrated that way IMO 
) To claim Oxford Comma by Vampire Weekend would be a bit of stretch
I was looking for a certain song, and found another…in fact this band named an album after us!
Gainesville Rock City, Less Than Jake
What the heck? Here’s another, by Randy Newman: Gainesville
However, the song I was originally looking for is by our favorite son, Tom Petty:
Also do songs about how much a town sucks count?
I’m from a relatively small city in Washington. Yet we have two popular songs written about it.
Okay, that second song isn’t necessarily a popular or well-known song, but I think most people know Sir Mix-a-Lot of “Baby Got Back” fame.
And “Bremelo” is a derogatory term for a person (particularly a woman) from Bremerton. It’s not a particularly complimentary song.
The first city I lived in America has one very famous reference in song, wouldn’t say the song is about it though:
OK, that’s a good one. Thanks
Oh and what about songs about a city in one country sung by someone from another country (in a foreign language).
e.g. Do the people of Vienna think of the Ultravox song as their song?
I’m fairly sure the apartheid era white ruling class did not think of the Gil Scott Heron song, as their song, the rest of the population might have more positive opinions:
How has no one mentioned “I Left My Heart in San Francisco” or even the theme from the 1936 movie “San Francisco”?
When I lived in Sacramento, I wrote a song called “Summer in Sacramento”. It was mostly about the heat.
“A Foggy Day (In London Town)” is one of my favorites.
And also (I actually lived a couple of towns down, but no one ever sung about Mountain View AFAIK):
And (though its close) I’d say this is the actual San Francisco song:
I always thought this summed up San Francisco fairly well, when I lived there, but it was categorically not about San Francisco:
There’s always this gem from The Golden Girls.
Sal Tlay Ka Sity [Salt Lake City]
The most perfect place on Earth,
where flies don’t bite your eyeballs,
and human life has worth.
My first thought, somewhat close to me, is Ohio, for the city of Kent.
Not that thats a good thing.
There’s an episode of This American Life which featured a segment about a publicity campaign carried out by the city of Calgary which featured its own theme song, Hello Calgary.
Turns out the same melody was farmed out to over a hundred cities.
My favorite Dallas song is Joe Ely’s…
…but the one I learned growing up was “Big D” from Frank Loesser’s “The Most Happy Fella:” You’re from Big D, my oh yes!!
Without going back and re-listening to the segment, from what I recall it wasn’t just the melody. The lyrics were mostly the same, too, just slightly tweaked for the specific city it being sold to. Like if the city was on the coast they would replace “prairie” with “shoreline” or something.
How did I forget that one? I don’t live in Reno; I live in Folsom. Not the prison, though.
Atlanta is my hometown, and “Oh, Atlanta” by Little Feat ought to be Atlanta’s official anthem if the dopes in City Hall had half a clue!
It’s an awesome song!
Down hete at the other end of Puget Sound we’ve got “Olympia, WA” by Rancid, and local girl Neko Case’s “Thrice All-American” for Tacoma.