Everyone knows that 1 human year is equal to 7 dog years.
Based on this assumption, would someone be so kind as to help me solve this super simple problem: What is the formula for calculating the age of a dog given its age in human months?
For example, if a dog is 2 human years and 4 human months old, how old are they in doggie months?
sorry for the dumb question, by my brain is taking the night off 
The “7 years” is just an average and not a very good one for assessing the comparative age of a dog to a human. Consider a dog becomes sexually mature in one year which would put them on par with about a 15 year old human. After that their aging slows down.
This page does a better job of breaking out relative ages of a dog to a human.
For your math problem though you just want to divide 7 years by 12 months (7/12=0.583 years/month).
So, 2 years and four months is:
7 * 2 = 14
4 * 0.583 = 2.33
14 + 2.33 = 16.33 human years old.
Whack-a-mole is absolutely correct, but there’s an (IMO) easier way. If 1 human year is equal to 7 dog years, than 1 human month is equal to 7 dog months. So, just multiply everything by 7.
2 years and 4 months times 7 is 14 years and 28 months.
28 months is 2 years and 4 months, for a total of 16 years and 4 months.