I’m most interested in identifying when the first large groups of black immigrants and expatriates from Africa, Afro-Caribbean nations, South America and Europe since Reconstruction arrived. If you can credibly cite any prior, feel free.
If you know of any instances of North African immigration to the United States from the countries north of the Sahara, by people who may be considered more Mediterranean than considered “black,” please share.
In what’s now the United States, the commonly cited date is the 1619 transport of Arfican slaves to the Jamestown colony on a Dutch ship.
Barring the whole Olmec heads thing, if you mean “the Americas,” it’s believed the first African slaves were introduced to the Caribbean at Hispanola 1502-03.
Oops… since Reconstruction! :smack: Never mind… Ellis Island was the point of entry for the Caribbean if that helps. The numbers were into 5 digits by the 1920s IIRC.