This is a bit of a tangent, because it’s not a matter of a English have a word that another language doesn’t but a lot of languages having a word that another language doesn’t.
Irish Gaelic doesn’t have a discreet word for either “yes” or “no”.
For example, if someone asked “Did you go to the store?” in Irish you can’t answer “yes” or “no”, you have to answer either “I went/did go” or “I didn’t go”
i’ve had disturbed foreigners ask me whether “shooting the shit” is a medical condition, and if so, is it contagious.
Haver. I would walk 500 miles and I would walk 500 more to figure out what that means.
“Defenestration”. Makes me proud to be an English speaker.
You’re right, but that never stops this type of assertion in threads like this. Often these generalizations are overstated simplifications.
Sarcasm
When I worked with Japanese colleagues, I found they had a rough time figuring out the difference between
That is a great idea 
and
That is a great idea :rolleyes:
In fact, the word “cowboy” was simply a transposition of the Spanish “vaquero,” as the first “cowboys” were Spanish/criollos/Mexicans (Mestizos).
Mandarin Chinese is like this too. There is no true equivalent of yes and no.
Questions are answered with either “have” / “haven’t”, or whatever the verb was in the question (e.g. Q:“Do you swim?” A:“Swim.”).
And often questions give both the positive and negative, and you pick one: Q:“Do you drive not drive to get to work?” A:“Not drive”
The Japanese do have a concept of sarcasm, and a word for it (皮肉). If some Japanese people had difficulty understanding your sarcasm, it’s probably because you have to be pretty fluent in English to detect sarcasm.
gustar is ‘like’, como ‘like’ as in ‘similar too’, querer is often used for ‘want’, but also used for ‘love’. Amor is love but strictly for someone you’re physically attracted to.
Capacitor may have been the preferred term by the 1920s, but my copy of “The Second Boy’s books of Radio and Electronics” published in 1957 used both terms interchangeably
Without the second ‘i’, I often think the word is a misspelling of kowai - scary, creepy. “She’s so kawai!” Huh…she’s scary? Big difference!
I saw a clip not too long ago of a stand-up comedian who came from Finland, doing a routine about how the hardest thing about learning English was figuring out the various meanings of the word “ass.”
Consider:
Ass, meaning a donkey
Ass, meaning a person’s buttocks
Ass, meaning an unlikable person
Bad-ass, meaning good
My lazy-ass husband, which means the same as my lazy husband, so the ass is not really necessary at all
Move your ass, meaning hurry up
My ass, meaning that you disagree with an assertion
Half ass, meaning you’re not paying proper attention
Piece of ass, meaning you’re sexy
Continuing with your tangent, the German word “jein” means yes AND no.
I have trouble translating the word “mind” into German.
That word is certainly not unique to English.
Which “mind?” There are so many.
English is odd not so much in weirdly specific words, but in having a mountain of definitions for the same word. Words like set, run, up, fall, and stand have hundreds of definitions if you get really picky; most English speakers will fully comprehend at least 100, 150 subtle distinctions in the meaning of those words. It is very, very hard for a person learning English as a second language in adulthood to pick those up; you learn most of them as a child.
It it genuinely odd that we use the same sounds and letters to mean so many different things, and we’re totally NOT using any number of perfectly cromulent could-be-words like “gep,” “zimlack” or “jorp.”
Coming up with English’s weirdly specific words is always going to be kind of hard because English is such a thief of a language and so if you come up with weirdly specific words, they’re usually
That said, my nomination is “ragamuffin,” a child who is wearing dirty or tattered clothing.
If so, it makes me proud to be human.
ETA: Though I am curious whether it was the first to use the word and then it spread to the other languages to refer to the first defenestration of Prague. I can’t find anything definitive about that aspect of the etymology.
Did you choose that example deliberately? Because Latin also lacks words for “yes” and “no”, and uses that same structure. So, for instance, if Michael Phelps were an ancient Roman, and you asked him “Do you swim?”, he’d answer “No.”
German has two words for “to know” - if you know a fact, it’s wissen, while if you know a person, it’s “kennen”
On the other hand, tragen means both “to carry” and “to wear”