Evolution of bacteria

Bacteria have evolved to be resistant to various antibiotics. Why haven’t strains evolved that are resistant to bleach, alcohol, or boiling?

The way in which antibiotics kill bacteria is quite subtle - by interfering with the biochemical machinery the thing- like throwing a spanner in.the works. Bleach etc is a different thing - and kills them by gross effects such as corrosion, hydrolysis, etc.

Some have evolved to survive boiling, however.

To resist antibiotics, you need to slightly tweak the shape of one or a few molecules. To resist heat, bleach, or alcohol, you need to restructure your biochemistry.

Same reasons we humans haven’t managed to evolve resistance to fire, acid bathss, or being crushed by rocks.

Antibiotics are things that kill (at least some) bacteria, but don’t kill other organisms (notably including humans). Bacteria can evolve resistance to them by becoming more chemically similar to the things that aren’t killed by antibiotics. But everything is vulnerable to bleach, alcohol, and boiling.

Surviving boiling, or surviving temperatures that would be boiling at one atmosphere pressure? I’ve heard of thermophiles that live at temperatures about 100C, but only in the context of deep sea environments where the pressure is sufficiently high to prevent boiling.

Both. Some can survive boiling as durable spores, even if they may not be able to actively reproduce in such conditions.