Plenty of TV shows: Law & Order, Kate & Allie, Mork & Mindy come to mind
Back in the 1800s there was a Sommerset and Worcester Bank. You probably could find a lot of banks like that throughout history…
Turner & Hooch, Starsky & Hutch, etc. Seems like damn near every cop or detective show since Dragnet has had a formulaic name like that. Yes, I’m exaggerating. But not that much.
There’s a drink called a Black and Tan.
The singular would clearly be “one.”
Black and blue, which is a sort of a plum color.
M&M, a candy
Me, myself and I
You and you alone
Are there examples of longer constructions? Such as having either more conjunctions, or basically being a list? The only thing I can think of is ‘stop, drop and roll’, as in ‘stop, drop and roll is a fire safety technique’.
Lock, Stock, and Barrel
I think Saint Pierre and Miquelon fits the bill.
So we have lots of "and"s, a few "or"s. I think I’ve given the only “but.”
Do we have any for other conjunctions?
Hook, Line and Sinker?
I’m not sure any of them filed trademark papers. 
Coffee, Tea or Milk?
In New England, we call them Jimmies. Never heard hundreds and thousands.
Surprised no one mentioned Half and Half yet.
“Metes and bounds” is now simply the name for a way of legally describing parcels of land, or more specifically, the boundary of the parcel. What exactly the difference between a mete and a bound is, no one really cares.
Incorrect. You can not go to the island of Tobago without being in the nation called Trinidad and Tobago. Just like I can not go to Paris without being in the nation called France.
Most of the examples in this thread don’t count.
The flower called Butter and Eggs.
I like two kinds of music; Country *and *Western!
No? Good, but no cigar.
Surprised no one has mentioned the London area called Elephant and Castle. IIRC, that’s from the name of an old pub (which may be a corruption of L’enfant Castile), and many pub names have a similar form.