I doubt you could learn to read Braille in a week, even sighted! But you could try!
Do you know any blind people? If you were willing to put in some time, you could volunteer at a clinic/institute for the blind, get to know someone, and they could take you around. A blind person who has learned to get around and do things on their own would probably be the best teacher, other than the ones who teach the newly blind, but I’m sure they are quite busy as is!
I read a children’s book when I was young about a boy who became blind, and had to learn how to get around. It covered quite a bit of detail, though I don’t know if it’s how it would be taught today (the book was set in the 60s or 70s I think).
One thing that I remember was using the clock directions to get around the house. The boy learned where all the furniture etc was placed and if he needed to look for something he could be told it was at “one o’clock” and he could go forward and to the right and find it. Food on his plate was the same: Meat at 12-2, mashed potatoes at 3-6 and peas from 7-11 or something. Around the house he was told to walk around with one hand out, palm out, and the other across his chest as a form of protection, at least until he learned the layout. He had to learn the number of steps it took to get from the kitchen to the bathroom to the living room, etc. He didn’t really learn to navigate outside until he was able to get around his own home quickly and without bumping into things.
The story then went more to learning to get around with a dog (it was the major premise of the book) so no advice about using a cane. I wouldn’t recommend going outside without help, or without learning to use a cane first (and don’t get a real cane if you aren’t really blind… they are distinctive for a reason!). If you went with a friend, you could hold onto their elbow while they walked. They would have to watch out for steps, curbs, intersections, objects on the road, etc. Getting to the edge of the sidewalk, saying “step down” and you’d have to find the road below the curb… it’s amazing how much we take our vision for granted for little things like that! Pay attention to noise at intersections… listen for cars passing in front of you rather than beside you to help determine when you can cross.
Well, anyways, that’s just stuff I’ve pieced together and nowhere near a full education on “being blind” but it’s a start.
Here it is! This is the book I read: http://www.amazon.com/Follow-My-Leader-James-Garfield/dp/0140364854