Famous academic plagiarism

Factual Questions
1

Since my girlfriend’s been spending a lot of time recently grading university papers, and since I’ve lately come across allegations that Martin Luther King plagiarised some of his PhD (Cecil Adams on the topic) and that Zora Neale Hurston copied another writer for one of her early published anthropological papers (see American National Biography Online) I was wondering what other eminent figures were guilty of academic plagiarism.

I’m interested in cases from academic work in the past 100 years or so, not so much in music, the arts, or journalism where it seems to be pretty common, or in instances prior to the 20th century when standards were different (Coleridge apparently copied a lot from German philosophers without proper citations). Also, if you could tell me how certain the accusations are, and whether they were found out and punished in their lifetime, that would be helpful.

2

Although it fals outside your historical boundary, there’s the famous case of Newton vs Leibniz. Newton claimed that Leibniz was plagiarising his earlier (unpublished) work. (Most likely Newton was overstating his claim though. Even though he was a genius, he was also very vain, and not a very nice person.)

I remember a case a couple of years ago when a student in Sweden was stripped of her newly acquired PhD when it transpired that the thesis was very similar to one submitted by another student (to another university) some years earlier. I don’t remember any details, but I’ll see if I can find anything.

There was also a huge scandal last year with a famous scientist making up data, but that doesn’t quite quallify as plagiarising.