You can’t balance bill-that’s part of your agreement. In fact, for Medicare it’s fraud. Sure you can refuse to take Medicare. Let me show you how that works with another example.
Let’s make it easy-let’s say the doctor wants to charge $120 for a visit but Medicare allows $100.
-Doctor #1 participates with Medicare. He gets 80% or $80 from Medicare and 20% copay or $20 from the patient for $100 total.
-Doctor #2 is non-participating with Medicare meaning he bills the patients who then collect from Medicare. By law, he can only bill 110% of Medicare so he bills $110. Medicare pays about 65% or roughly $70 and he can bill the patient the remaining $40 for a total of $110.
-Doctor #3 wants to opt out of Medicare entirely. He must sign a 2 year contract that restricts him from taking any Medicare money from any patient for 2 years total. He can bill the patient a full $120 but the patient cannot then collect any money from Medicare and is responsible for the entire bill.
If you practice in a wealthy area where people have money to throw around you can opt out of Medicare but if you have to do any procedures or admit the patient they will be responsible for the full bill which can be thousands of dollars so most will not do it.
So, let’s say Doctor #1 or Doctor #2 wants to bill the patient for the rest of the fee. As noted above, this is Medicare fraud and is charged at triple damages plus $10,000 per incident (not per patient, per incident which means per charge. So, how does the government keep tabs on this? They have hired independent contractors to review billing for fraud and pay them 30% of all money collected. Oh, and don’t forget that underbilling is also Medicare fraud. If you only bill $75 for that visit that Medicare says should cost $100 or if you waive the copay, you can still be charged the $10,000 per incident and remember, these companies are paid at a percentage of what the government collects.
(And yes, I am in favor of single-payor, even at Medicare rates. Even with all of the above I see rampant Medicare fraud, particularly in the DME industry).
Also, remember that there really is no free marketcite. In many states one dominant insurer has most of the market. Also most people cannot afford insurance outside of their work which may offer little to no choice of plans.