I think it comes down to economy…
Let’s say you are starting a colony on a far off world. Supply runs are extremely limited, lets say, once every ten years. Aside from those runs, you are on your own. You have a colony of 10,000 adult humans going with you. As part of your initial run, after all other supplies are counted for, there is enough cargo space for personal weapons. I, the weapons supplier, give you the following option:
I can send you 5,000 cap and ball revolvers, all in fine working order, each with one ball mold and, say, a thousand percussion caps each.
Or, I could send you 1,000 automatic weapons, with 100 rounds each, 50 reloading kits, and enough smokeless powder to reload an additional 100 rounds per weapon.
The choice is going to depend entirely on how well armed you want your pioneers to be, and how much you think they’re going to need it.
Of course, some people are gonna pay for cartridge weapons because they see them as convenient. If you’ve got the money, you can afford the convenience. Some folks can’t, and thus why a cap and ball would be used along with several cartridge weapons.
Finally, I would argue strongly that your logic of a Navy Colt vs a 1911A is faulty at best. I know people who, with a Navy Colt, are dead accurate with a single shot at up to 50 ft (or more, but that is all I have ever personally witnessed); simultaneously, I know people who can empty the clip on a 1911A at 15 ft and STILL manage to miss the can they were shooting at.
T’aint the gun that does the killin’, 'tis the man* behind it…and it only takes one well-aimed shot to do the job.
All that said, I agree that there should be more “homegrown” weapons, as I feel this would probably be common.
*sniggering as I say that, since the best pistol shot I know is my wife, a former Olympic class pistol shooter.