When pushing on an object so as to make it move, some of the energy you supply goes into moving the object, while some of it is used up as heat in overcoming kinetic friction.
Now, what if the objection doesn’t move? You push on it, but not quite with enough force to overcome static friction. In this case, how is the energy dissipated?
I don’t see how that could work…there’s nothing moving to generate heat. Taken to its logical extreme: Suppose I push a brick against a cement wall…would side of contact get hot just from me pushing it?
Remember “for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction”. In the case of pushing a brick against a wall, the force you push with pushes back on you. This is evident when your hand begins to hurt.
As Grey said, this creates no work, and it doesn’t take any energy to do, so there’s no energy to dissipate.
Imagine if you had a book leaning against a box. The book provides a force on the box, but not enough to overcome static friction. Since the system is in a state of equilibrium, any work done would be free energy!
So lets look at my original example. I’ve seen graphs of energy dissipation in overcoming static friction and maintaining movement over kinetic friction. Its a curved line that reaches a maximum, then drops down to an above-zero value. As I’m increasing my force on an object in order to overcome static friction, it is not moving during that time. Its only when I exert enough force greater then static friction that the object moves. So where is this energy going whilst I’m “building up” the force?
Trigonal, the energy is going into breaking the attractive interaction between the two surfaces. Imagine the atoms are held together by springs which have a release valve that detaches the spring when you stretch it past a certain point. Before you pull it far enough to break it free, you’re just building up potential energy by stretching the spring. Once you break the spring, all that energy is converted to kinetic energy. If you stop before you break it, the stored potential energy you’ve added to the system will dissipate and the system will return to equilibrium.