Again, Glucosamine has a very specific “skill set”: it lubricates the miniscus. It is not a pain killer. It doesn’t restore cartilage. It doesn’t work for everybody. That article is “proving” something different.
I have been on various opiates for osteoarthritis (irreversible deterioration of inter-joint ligament, leaving bone-on-bone contact).
GC was suggested by a doc - I found it modified the pain to a duller (and slightly more tolerable) version.
This was just before the FDA announced the results of its study: worthless.
A very BIG YMMV.