The implicit assumption being made by people betting the ranch on gold is this. Since the beginning of the financial crisis and recession and as a direct result of the fed’s repeated (or perhaps continuous) programs of quantitative easing, the money supply has expanded at least 3 fold. This can be seen from one measure called the monetary base here - from just over 800B in 2008-9 to about 3000B now. That is extraordinary by any standard.
And if one were to judge solely by historical precedent, you would be virtually compelled to conclude that rampant hyperinflation should be the result. The only problem with that conclusion is that it should already have happened. So why hasn’t it?
I won’t claim to have a thorough understanding here, but what I believe is happening is that virtually none of the additional 2T dollars has ever seen the light of day. Specifically, if you look at excess bank reserves, they have increased, not coincidentally, by about the same amount. We were looking for a missing 2 trillion and that chart shows 1.7 trillion - close enough for govt work.
If this is in fact what is happening, then for all intents and purposes, as far as the economy is concerned, that money doesn’t exist.
However just because it isn’t a problem now, doesn’t mean it won’t EVER be a problem. Excess reserves mean that they can be moved at the discretion of depository institutions, meaning member banks of the federal reserve system. That money got there in the first place by such banks selling assets like treasury securities and MBSs to the fed. Eventually the fed needs to get these assets off of their books and drain all of this liquidity out of the system.
As long as the banks are content to leave the money in their reserve accts, there’s no hurry, but this won’t be forever. The real issue then will be how quickly will this need to happen and how good will the fed’s timing be?
If the fed waits too long to pull the money out and banks start using it to make a lot of loans, this could cause the money supply to spike and that would favor inflation.
If the fed jumps the gun and tries to drain liquidity too quickly, the economy could stall or even fall back into recession.
However a lot depends on how quickly the fed has to act. If the recovery continues at the current glacial pace, timing shouldn’t be an issue, but there’s no guarantee of that.