As Moderator I reserve the right to make up to 13 nominations of my own and will make four of them now. If we’re going to allow inventors, or pure mathematicians, or theologians, or polymaths, then I nominate
Gutenberg, Johannes - invention
Poincare, Henri - math
Bruno, Giordano - philosophy
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von - natural philosopher
These are NOT intended to encourage further submissions of these ilks — arguably not even “scientists” — but rather to put a stop to it.
The list of nominees is so large that some will want me to subdivide them. I’m undecided as to whether that’s a good idea, but I’ve spoiled an arbitrary arrangement of the 96 current nominees into nine categories: 20 Physics, 17 Astronomy, 12 Math and Comp. Sci., 10 Chemistry, 10 Biology, 9 Philosophy and Geology, 7 Anthro & Health, 6 Economics, 5 Invention.
Anthropology and Human Health
Borlaug, Norman - agronomics
Goodall, Jane - primatology
Hilleman, Maurice - biology, vaccination; saved more lives
Jenner, Edward - vaccination
Leakey, Louis - anthropology
Lister, Joseph - antiseptics
Salk, Jonas - medicine, vaccination
Biology
Crick, Francis - Dna
Darwin, Charles - biology
Galen, of Pergamon - biology, medicine
Leeuwenhoek, Antonie van - microbiology, microscopy
Linnaeus, Carolus - botany, taxonomy
McClintock, Barbara - genetics
Mendel, Gregor - genetics
Mullis, Kary - biology
Vesalius, Andreas - founder of anatomical sciences
Watson, James - Dna
Chemistry
Berzelius, Jacob - chemistry
Boyle, Robert - chemistry, physics
Dalton, John - chemistry
Davy, Sir Humphrey - chemistry
Franklin, Rosalind - chemistry, X-ray crystallography
Haber, Fritz - chemistry; invention (fertilizer, gas warfare)
Lavoisier, Antoine - chemistry
Liebig, Justus von - organic chemistry; a great practical scientist.
Pasteur, Louis - chemistry, biology
Pauling, Linus - chemistry
Astronomy
Al-Khwarizmi, Muhammad ibn Musa - math, astronomy
Brahmagupta - math, astronomy
Cannon, Annie Jump - astronomy
Copernicus, Nicolas - astronomy
Eratosthenes - math, astronomy
Galileo - physics, astronomy, etc.
Gauss, Karl - math, astronomy
Halley, Edmond - astronomy, etc.
Hubble, Edwin - astronomy
Kepler, Johannes - astronomy, math
Leavitt, Henrietta Swan - astronomy
Michelson, Albert - astronomy; speed of light
Morley, Edward - astronomy, chemistry, optics, and physics.
Ptolemy - astronomy
Rubin, Vera - astronomy
Sagan, Carl - astronomy
Zhang Heng - astronomy, mechanics
Mathematics and Computer science
Archimedes - math, physics
Euclid - math
Euler, Leonhard - math
Fermat, Pierre de - math, optics
Hopper, Grace - computer science
Leibnitz, Gottfried - math, physics, etc.
Lovelace, Ada Byron Countess of - computer science
Neumann, John von - computer science, etc.
Noether, Emmy - math
Poincare, Henri - math
Russell, Bertrand - math
Turing, Alan - computer science, etc.
Economic Science
Arrow, Kenneth - economics
Friedman, Milton - economics
Keynes, John Maynard - economics
Ricardo, David - economics
Samuelson, Paul - economics
Smith, Adam - economics
Invention
Edison, Thomas Alva - invention
Gutenberg, Johannes - invention
Leonardo da Vinci - anatomy, invention, etc.
Marconi, Guglielmo - radio transmission
Tesla, Nicolai - physics, invention
Philosophy and Geology
Aristotle - philosophy, geology, biology, etc.
Bacon, Francis - philosophy
Bruno, Giordano - philosophy
Ge Hong - philosophy, alchemy
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von - natural philosopher
Nisibis, St. Jacob of - theology, founded early school
Ockham, William of - philosophy
Pythagoras - math
Smith, William - geology
Physics
Bardeen, John - physics, invention
Bohr, Niels - atomic physics
Curie, Marie - radioactivity
Dirac, Paul - physics
Einstein, Albert - physics
Faraday, Michael - electromagnetism, etc.
Fermi, Enrico - atomic physics
Feynman, Richard - physics
Franklin, Benjamin - physics, etc.
Gell-Mann, Murray - physics
Hawking, Stephen - cosmology
Heisenberg, Werner - quantum theory
Huygens, Christiaan - optics, physics
Maxwell, James Clerk - physics
Meitner, Lise - atomic physics
Newton, Sir Isaac - math, physics
Oppenheimer, Robert - atomic physics
Rutherford, Ernest - nuclear physics, atomic theory, radioactivity.
Thorne, Kip - physics
Wigner, Eugene - physics, symmetry
Here’s the same list with all 96 names in a single alphabetized batch.
Al-Khwarizmi, Muhammad ibn Musa - math, astronomy
Archimedes - math, physics
Aristotle - philosophy, geology, biology, etc.
Arrow, Kenneth - economics
Bacon, Francis - philosophy
Bardeen, John - physics, invention
Berzelius, Jacob - chemistry
Bohr, Niels - atomic physics
Borlaug, Norman - agronomics
Boyle, Robert - chemistry, physics
Brahmagupta - math, astronomy
Bruno, Giordano - philosophy
Cannon, Annie Jump - astronomy
Copernicus, Nicolas - astronomy
Crick, Francis - Dna
Curie, Marie - radioactivity
Dalton, John - chemistry
Darwin, Charles - biology
Davy, Sir Humphrey - chemistry
Dirac, Paul - physics
Edison, Thomas Alva - invention
Einstein, Albert - physics
Eratosthenes - math, astronomy
Euclid - math
Euler, Leonhard - math
Faraday, Michael - electromagnetism, etc.
Fermat, Pierre de - math, optics
Fermi, Enrico - atomic physics
Feynman, Richard - physics
Franklin, Benjamin - physics, etc.
Franklin, Rosalind - chemistry, X-ray crystallography
Friedman, Milton - economics
Galen, of Pergamon - biology, medicine
Galileo - physics, astronomy, etc.
Gauss, Karl - math, astronomy
Ge Hong - philosophy, alchemy
Gell-Mann, Murray - physics
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von - natural philosopher
Goodall, Jane - primatology
Gutenberg, Johannes - invention
Haber, Fritz - chemistry; invention (fertilizer, gas warfare)
Halley, Edmond - astronomy, etc.
Hawking, Stephen - cosmology
Heisenberg, Werner - quantum theory
Hilleman, Maurice - biology, vaccination; saved more lives
Hopper, Grace - computer science
Hubble, Edwin - astronomy
Huygens, Christiaan - optics, physics
Jenner, Edward - vaccination
Kepler, Johannes - astronomy, math
Keynes, John Maynard - economics
Lavoisier, Antoine - chemistry
Leakey, Louis - anthropology
Leavitt, Henrietta Swan - astronomy
Leeuwenhoek, Antonie van - microbiology, microscopy
Leibnitz, Gottfried - math, physics, etc.
Leonardo da Vinci - anatomy, invention, etc.
Liebig, Justus von - organic chemistry; a great practical scientist.
Linnaeus, Carolus - botany, taxonomy
Lister, Joseph - antiseptics
Lovelace, Ada Byron Countess of - computer science
Marconi, Guglielmo - radio transmission
Maxwell, James Clerk - physics
McClintock, Barbara - genetics
Meitner, Lise - atomic physics
Mendel, Gregor - genetics
Michelson, Albert - astronomy; speed of light
Morley, Edward - astronomy, chemistry, optics, and physics.
Mullis, Kary - biology
Neumann, John von - computer science, etc.
Newton, Sir Isaac - math, physics
Nisibis, St. Jacob of - theology, founded early school
Noether, Emmy - math
Ockham, William of - philosophy
Oppenheimer, Robert - atomic physics
Pasteur, Louis - chemistry, biology
Pauling, Linus - chemistry
Poincare, Henri - math
Ptolemy - astronomy
Pythagoras - math
Ricardo, David - economics
Rubin, Vera - astronomy
Russell, Bertrand - math
Rutherford, Ernest - nuclear physics, atomic theory, radioactivity.
Sagan, Carl - astronomy
Salk, Jonas - medicine, vaccination
Samuelson, Paul - economics
Smith, Adam - economics
Smith, William - geology
Tesla, Nicolai - physics, invention
Thorne, Kip - physics
Turing, Alan - computer science, etc.
Vesalius, Andreas - founder of anatomical sciences
Watson, James - Dna
Wigner, Eugene - physics, symmetry
Zhang Heng - astronomy, mechanics
Please inform me if I have inadvertantly omitted your nomination.