I’m pretty new to cycling myself. My husband is the cyclist of the family, and he’s slowly getting me hooked. Right now I have 2, a mountain bike (Gary Fisher) and a hybrid (Bianchi Boardwalk.) I ride the hybrid everyday now (I’m training for my first century ride, a mere 7 weeks away now), and I’ll be riding the hybrid on that ride.
For a beginner I recommend a hybrid, but, take my recommendation with a grain of salt, since, like I said, I’m a beginner myself. The hybrid just suits my comfort level right now.
I’ve been looking at road bikes recently, and I’ll probably buy one before next summer. The most important thing for me is a good fit.
As for clipping in to pedals versus regular pedals versus toe clips; I just had a pair of clip pedals put on my hybrid last week, before that it had toe clips, and my mountain bike has just plain old pedals. So far, for me, clipping in is amazingly more comfortable. I’d feared the concept for so long for no reason apparently. When you go to the shop see if the salesperson will let you try clipping in to a bike mounted on a trainer. You might be surprised at how comfortable you are. I feel so much more efficient now when I’m out riding.
You will need to wear a helmet. Another lesson I recently learned:
Spend a few extra dollars for a good helmet at your bike shop. For the past 2 years I’d been riding with a helmet I picked up at Toys R US for $10 or so. It was awful. It served its purpose, but it didn’t fit, it flopped around from one side to another, and it was uncomfortable. While out riding around, the helmet from hell was just a distraction and a pain in the butt. But, never having worn a good quality helmet, I figured it was just part of cycling. A month ago or so I purchased a nice Trek helmet at the bike shop, with the help of a salesperson, and now I hardly even feel the thing on my head. It fits like a glove, is light, aerodynamic, and comfortable.
Like Dag Otto said, a basic repair kit, water bottle cage, and pump are things you’ll need. You might want to look at bike computers, too. I love mine, it’s nice to see your stats after a ride, makes it a little more fun.