Well here is the problem, in essence. As I undestand it, discretionary budget programs amount to a very small slice of the Federal spending pie. By far the two biggest slices of the pie are A) defense and b) Medicaid, Medicare and Social Security which we shall call “social programs.”
Neither the Republicans nor the Dems want to cut defense, but for different reasons. Republicans have an ideological hard-on for defense spending AND they get lots of money from defense contractors, who get lots of money from defense spending. Dems do NOT have an ideological hard-on for defense spending, but they fear appearing weak on defense AND they get lots of money from defense contractors. So serious cuts in the defense budget are gonna be difficult.
Republicans have an ideological hard-on for cutting social programs, they would very much like to cut Medicaid and Medicare to the bone and steal as much of social security as they can get. (I say “steal” because it is in essence a retirement program, and has been paid for by its beneficiaries, but since politicians from both sides of the aisle have routinely looted Social Security for decades, the payments have to be made out of the general fund). But Republicans also have a problem in that a sizable part of their voting blog is dependent on the social programs and will be pretty fucking irate if they get cut (think about the Tea Partiers who want government programs cut but want government to keep its hands off their social security, medicaid and medicare). Fortunately for the Republicans, their supporters are extremely stupid but they WILL notice if their checks stop coming in or are deeply cut.
The Dems have no ideological hard-on for cutting social programs, but where else can they go to make cuts in spending if they can’t touch defense and discretionary spending is a tiny slice of the pie? Problem is, their base is entirely, unanimously in favor of social programs, not just because they benefit from them (and many do) but because they ideologically favor social programs. But where will Democratic voters go if the Dems vote to cut social programs? The Republicans?
The deficit could be greatly decreased by raising tax revenues, but neither the Democrats no Republicans want to do that, because 1) their donor class will not tolerate tax hikes and neither will the middle class, the voting class and 2) they ARE the one percent, and fully sympathize with their donor class, notwithstanding any noises they may make with their mouths to the contrary.
These are the intractable problems that are producing the Congressional stalemate. A simple solution would be one that spread the pain around: some tax hikes, some cuts to defense spending, some cuts to social spending programs. But good luck with that. Each and every cut will be met with bellows of pain.