Thank you everyone for the information! This is exactly what I’m looking for. Please keep it coming, anything at all. I’d love to hear about more obscure awards and obscure awarders, if anyone here knows about them.
Nope, not missing the point at all, though I can see how it might appear so
I was thinking that for the military, one can earn a medal “just” for participating in a conflict, even without seeing action or even being combat-trained. The Soviet Union, as I understand it, also awarded a large number of civilian medals - for industry, scientific contributions, having large numbers of children, and so on; it was a simple way to (try to) keep morale up. The counterpoint is, for example, the Scandinavian countries today - where the King/Queen can theoretically bestow a medal or order upon anyone, but in practise they are reserved for diplomats or other civil servants based on a strict system of numbers of years of service, and for foreign diplomats, heads of state, and people who help out diplomatic missions. So a Swedish scientist can win a Nobel prize, but AFAIK is highly unlikely to be awarded a medal by the government for their service.
As you yourself note, there are other more attainable medals - like for the Marine Corps Marathon (thanks for the info!). I’d also suspect that non-recognised states and marginalised orders (e.g. orders of chivalry), and tiny states like Tonga or Guyana that might want to draw international attention, might be more ready to award decorations, even just for PR. For example, I watched a documentary once (“Holidays in Places that Don’t Exist”, IIRC) where leaders of a breakaway republic (South Ossetia? Going from years-old memory) were trying to bribe the journalist to support their cause at home, and it seems a small step from offering a journalist a free car, to granting them a handshake from El Jefe and a fancy medal (which is cheaper, too).
Definitely counts. Thanks!
Rigamarole, good job thinking outside the box 
I’m sorry, what do you mean? There can be only one!