How do the police get suspects to talk to them?

I know.

Don’t Talk to the Police

Anyway, I’ve been watching the First 48 a lot and I’m amazed at how many people talk to the police when they are guilty. They open up and even confess to their crimes. Sometimes, they ask for their lawyer, but frequently they do not.

Now, my question is this:

  1. What strategies do the police teach interrogators(detectives) to get people to agree to talk?

It looks like it comes down to a couple things:

  • tell them they can help themselves out.

  • tell them you would “appreciate it” if they help you out

What are they actually taught?

So you are basing your perception of reality on what you see on TV? There’s your first mistake.

A lot of suspects don’t talk to police; not even a word. They don’t make the cut to TV. Also if there are big obvious cameras following the cops around, they may behave differently than if there were no camera.

This may not fully answer your question, but it’s a start

Did you watch the second half of that video where the cop talks about what he does? He gives a pretty detailed explanation of how he gets suspects to talk.

I can tell you from working in a bond agency office, they cops get people to talk by offering deals. Damn you wouldn’t believe how fast and quick people are to rat out somebody for the tiniest consideration from the cops.

They find someone guilty and pull in his relatives for “questioning” no charges, just questions. Chances are if you’re hanging with people of questionable character, you’re guilty of one or two things as well.

They cops play one person off the other. The code of “no snitching” may work against a mafia boss or other high criminal figure, but for everyone else. They are too busy ratting on each other to get a better deal for themselves.

Criminals are often drunk or high, and they’re almost always stupid. I’m sure this makes the job much easier.

You’ll feel a lot better if you get it off your chest - look, I understand, we all understand, we all would have done the same in your position, right? We just want to know what happened. We’ve got all the evidence we need to file on you right now, so don’t be stupid. We’ve got the other guy in the next room and he already told us everything, so don’t lie to us. We’ve got forensic evidence from the crime scene. After I walk out this door, that’s it. Don’t be an idiot - this is your last chance to be smart and help yourself out. (Repeat as necessary.)

Police in a county in the suburbs of Chicago browbeat the father of a molested and murdered little girl into confessing that he accidentally killed her and tried to cover it up (scroll down to the bottom of the page for his description). He claims he asked for a lawyer repeatedly but was told no, that police screamed at him for hours, claimed he’d be raped every day in jail if they talked to the right inmates, that his wife was threatening to divorce him, showed him pictures of his daughter’s dead body. He says they told him that if he pleaded to an accidental death charge he’d get off relatively easy. He recanted as soon as he got out of jail but still went up on charges - until DNA testing found some other guy’s DNA, not his. The DNA wasn’t tested until a year after the murder.

Turns out the cops ignored the significance of a pair of shoes with the last name of a sex offender who lived in the area written inside that were found near the little girl’s body, within an hour of the body being discovered. The name was noted at the time. The guy was questioned once - for a welfare check when his mother says he was acting out of sorts (the day after the murder)! The DNA of this guy matches the sample from the girl, and he’s being charged with the crime.

No I’m not, and you don’t need to have an insulting and smug tone, like you know I’m just some sort moron that you think you run into daily.

I’m not stupid and to be fair, a lot of people on First 48 do ask for their lawyer. A lot don’t, though, and I’m surprised how the police get criminals to talk. It’s fascinating to watch the interrogations.

My main point was my question:

What strategies do they teach the police to get people to talk?

Is anyone here a trained detective? Did they tell you what to say to get people to talk?

Hey, thanks. I didn’t see this when I re-read the thread. That is an interesting read.

I think ya nailed it, from my experience as a former criminal defense guy.

David Simon’s book Homicide: a Year on the Killing Streets has an excellent description of the process, written from Simon’s year spent shadowing Baltimore Homicide detectives. You can read an excerpt here pages 204-206, but a lot of the good stuff is in the omitted pages immediately preceding that. Basically you presesnt the subject with a grim scenario of their guilt and what’s going to happen to them, but give them an “out” - a small glimmer of hope that they can escape this process unscathed, or at least as unscathed as possible. That “out” involves talking to you.

Pravnik nails it from what I know. Add in some good-cop, bad-cop, some yelling, and “breaks” that leave a suspect alone in an empty room with nothing to do, and that’s pretty much how it works most of the time. Of course, when the suspect contradicts him- or herself, they’ll certainly work with that.

Thanks - I’m not a detective, but I’ve worked both sides as an attorney and seen a lot of people blab. :slight_smile:

This is what it looks like on First 48. They tell the suspects the seriousness of the situation and tell them that the police are there to help them out, but that they have to tell them what they know.

That’s very often how it plays out. It seems transparent to read or talk about, but it’s pretty compelling when it’s directed at you in an interrogation room. Kind of a miniature version of Stockholm syndrome.

Another thing to remember is that a surprising number of people think that they can just talk their way out of anything. They’ll make up some (they think) plausible explanation of why they didn’t do wrong, and think that if they present it convincingly enough, the authorities will believe them.

A whole bunch of the time they don’t realize that their bullshit excuse is not a legal or valid excuse and wind up incriminating themselves. And even if the story would work if it were true, they’ll frequently give up enough other incriminating details to let the police build a case that nails them.

I think Billdo has a great deal of the reason. Self justification is a powerful motivator to speak. And people realise that persuading the police of innocence (which they think might be a good idea) requires looking open and cooperative - as soon as you put the shutters up, you know that you have lost that advantage.

Also, often what police get from an interview is not a confession but a provable lie of the “I did not have sexual relations with that woman” type when they know they have DNA there. That can be incriminating too, even if the person was hoping it would have exactly the opposite effect.

Generally, people aren’t wired for awkward silences. They know that if they are accused of something in ordinary social interactions, they would be expected to respond. The police use those ordinary social expectations well.

Some police I know love silences. They ask a question, get an answer (a denial) then just sit there and stare disbelievingly and say nothing. Eventually, suspect fills in the silence, to add further detail or to explain or expand, whatever. He who breaks first loses in that game, because once you have the suspect engaging in conversation, the usual social norms kick in, and the suspect becomes as garrulous as he would in any ordinary conversation, and the police can then lead them on and trap them, or use whatever other trick they have up their sleeve. As long as you get them talking.

And some start wanting to talk so they can tell a lie, and as they go, they have to adjust and modify and fall back until it is all a hopeless disaster. “I wasn’t there. Alright, I was there, but I didn’t see her. Alright, I did see her, but I didn’t have sex with her. Alright, I did have sex with her but I didn’t rape her. Alright, she did say no, but I didn’t believe her.” Some people seem to think that for each version they give, they are entitled to a restart, so that only the final version gets used against them, and not all the earlier false starts which put the lie to the whole account.

People have an instinctive sense of what part of an accusation being made has the ring of truth so that a blanket denial will be implausible, and try to fit an excuse around it, not realising that their answer comes across as implausible and contrived, and they have admitted significant aspects of the complainant’s story.

So I guess the answer is there are all sorts of reasons why people talk to police when they don’t have to. But saying I don’t want to speak is not as easy as you might think when it is all going down. Experienced crims have learned to do it, but first-timers (and most murderers are first-timers) are still caught up in the ordinary social expectations of conversation, where questions invite answers, and accusatory questions require a response.

In my jurisdiction, the police did not video tape conversations until the mid 1980s. Prior to that, they were recorded in writing. Experienced defence lawyers here assumed as an absolute article of faith than no-one ever really confessed (why on earth would you?), and the written documents were either fabrications made up like movie scripts out of whole cloth, or where there were signatures, the suspect was coerced. The whole criminal justice system, they thought, was being conducted on the basis of a giant fraud. Every single trial where there was a confession resulted in a huge fight about the genuineness of the confession.

They were very much in favour of video-tapings, because they thought confessions would end.

Instead, they were utterly astonished when they saw large numbers of videos of obviously uncoerced people confessing away happily. This was a shock to their world view.

Nowadays, confessions are rarely challenged as they once were (again, speaking of my jurisdiction). That does not mean that all is hunky dory or there aren’t dodgy things done to induce them, etc. Just that a cultural assumption that no-one actually confesses has faded into the past.

Although pravnik, Billdo, and Noel Prosequi have all essentially answered this question, I’ll expand by repeating something that a lawyer has related to me: when the Miranda v. Arizona decision came out of the Supreme Court, police became upset. Now, they would have to inform criminals about their rights to legal counsel and option to remain silent, and no one would ever confess voluntarily again. Right?

Instead, the Miranda warning (“You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say…”) immediately became the stock dialogue to indicate arrest on t.v. and in movies, and everyone became so inured that they didn’t even listen to the words. Suspects would confess after being repeated read their rights without demanding legal counsel, and there was no ambiguity to whether it was acceptable or not. Criminals as a class are some of the least educated people you’ll ever come across; most have never graduated high school, and many have a literacy level that would be challenged by a ten year old. Many criminals, suffering as they do from one or more personality disorders, often have impulse control problems and just can prevent themselves from boasting about criminal activity. Leave them in an interrogation room long enough, especially with extended silent pauses, and they’ll start relating every pretty theft they performed as a child.

Also realize that police can lie, insinuate, provide false corroboration, et cetera, in order to trick a suspect into confessing a crime, and as long as the confession itself is sincere, it is admissible. When you’re holding onto a big secret that your interrogator seems to already know about, and you’re just tired and hungry and want to lie down, it is easy to just give them the answer that you know they already have. And I know in one case in which I knew some of the principles, one of the suspects admitted to the crime (on a tapped phone) and then got into an argument with her mother in front of the police, admitting again to salient aspects of the crime. It doesn’t take Inspector Poirot to turn something like that into a solid case for the prosecution.

Stranger

Damned. That’s a good answer.

I just want to add that the interrogators are professionally trained in this regard. In fact the police also employ behavioural experts who pick up on nuances that the unwashed masses would miss. These guys nowadays are very effective.