Whites (including white pillowcases)
Color shirts (including T-shirts)
Pants
Towels and dishrags
Sheets
Maybe I live a charmed life or something, but I have never had a problem with putting something colored (for example, a red bedsheet) in with my whites and then have the whites change color.
My wife normally does the laundry and she tends to just kind of put everything in there and see what happens. When I do it I separate out the whites and the colors. If there are too many colors for one load, I will separate them out further by weight.
My slacks and dress shirts are dry cleaned, primarily because I want them ironed and am terrible at it.
When I was in between college semesters and lived with my parents I once left a single red sock in the machine and my mom didn’t notice it when she put my dad’s white work shirts in. Everything was pink. Thankfully, they let me live.
My work jeans and overshirts (factory) warm, with softener
His work slacks and shirts (school) warm, with softener
All t-shirts, sweaters, other tops, bras, pajamas; warm, with softener
White towels, socks and undies; hot, bleach, no softener
Colored towels and socks; hot, oxy clean, no softener
Sheets, blankets; warm, with softener
Bras hang dry, sweaters hang over the shower curtain rod, everything else goes in the dryer.