How does the phone company determine the location of a remote problem?

I had a problem with noise on my phone line, and every time I called the repair service about it, they said they would run a test on the line. Each time it took a couple of minutes, during which the phone would ring once (I was reporting the problem using a different line, since the noise was bad enough to make the problem line almost unusable).

The first time the person told me she couldn’t find a problem. The second time the person told me the test indicated that the problem was in the inside wiring. The third time the person told me the test indicated the problem was in the outside wiring.

My question is: how can they do a test from a remote office that distinguishes between the inside and outside wiring? I could understand it if there were some sort of switching or active components in the line, but isn’t the phone line from the pole to the phone just a set of wires with different types of connectors?

By the way, the problem turned out to be fairly far from the house.

Also, I don’t know whether this is relevant, but the phone line into my house is over 50 years old. It doesn’t use a modern modular installation - the phone line comes from the pole through a hole in the wall to the basement, where it ends at a terminal connector that is attached to the wall. The inside wiring is connected to the terminal with screws. It’s amazing that it’s lasted this long.

What in the name of Jumanji is this all about?

OOOOOohhh, MartL is a bot. I get it now.

The phone company does a reflectometer test that sens out a pulse signal on your line and displays the trace of the return signal. It detects variances in the impedance of the wiring, and apparently the perons(s) doing it were not terribly well-trained. It can detect changes a few inches apart if done properly.

Where the phone line enters your house there is a device (terminating block) which the phone company can activate so that it tit electronically shorts out. They can send now test the wire by sending a signal. If everything is OK it means any problem on the line is inside your house. You can also test by connecting a phone set directly to that block and see if the problem is inside or outside wiring