A lot depends on the outing. I’ve been to some, where the emphasis is on getting EVERYONE out there, generally drinking a lot, and having a good time. They can set up all kinds of games - such as blind handicaps, best ball, etc, where a lousy handicap could actually HELP the 4-some. If it is that kind of outing, then go ahead and have fun.
For most other outings however, I suggest you need a minimal amount of 2 things: 1. some ability to consistently advance the ball in the direction of the hole, and 2. an awareness of golf etiquette - how to conduct yourself on a golf course so as not to detract from others’ enjoyment.
To me, it doesn’t really matter how good or bad another golfer is, so long as they keep pace, aren’t talking and moving excessively when others are hitting, watch their ball, are ready to play when their turn, don’t delay getting off the green, repair ballmarks, etc.
Some people completely lack hand/eye coordination, such that they will never be able to consistently strike the ball such that it generally moves towards the hole. But if you are minimally coordinated, you should be able to develop sufficient skills to not completely embarrass yourself in just a month or so, with maybe 4-5 private lessons, and a couple of sessions per week at the range/practice green.
After you get so that you can hit the ball reliably, play a round or 2 with a friend who is a good golfer, and ask them to tell you what you need to do to not piss off other golfers. Ask your friend the correct terms for various things: the teebox, fairway, rough, hazards, par, birdie, bogey, irons, woods… If you know when it is your turn, where to stand, how to mark your ball, how to replace divots, rake traps, tend pins… - that will make up for a lot of shortcomings in the skill dept.
Watch a couple of tournaments on TV to get some of the lingo and rules down.
If it is a competitive outing for serious golfers, I wouldn’t go if I couldn’t shoot legit in the low 90s, and preferably kept a handicap.